312 LEC DECK 2

Question 1

Patient may have shortness of
breath due to difficulty
‘EXHALING’ all the air from the
lungs, because of damage to the
lung or narrowing of the airways
inside the lungs.

Answer 1

OBSTRUCTIVE

Question 2

Patient cannot fully fill their
lungs with air –’INHALATION’.
The lungs are restricted from
fully expanding

Answer 2

RESTRICTIVE

Question 3

Often results from a a condition
causing stiffness in the lungs
themselves. In other cases,
stiffness of the chest wall, weak
muscles or damaged nerves may
cause the restriction in lung
expansion.

Answer 3

RESTRICTIVE

Question 4

Exhaled air comes out more
slowly than normal. At the end
of a full exhalation, an
abnormally high amounts of air
may still linger in the lungs.

Answer 4

OBSTRUCTIVE

Question 5

Is an inflammation of the
lung parenchyma caused by
various microorganisms,
including bacteria,
mycobacteria, fungi, and
viruses

Answer 5

Pneumonia

Question 6

more general term of pneumonia

Answer 6

Pneumonitis

Question 7

Most common cause of
death from infectious
diseases in the US

Answer 7

Pneumonia

Question 8

4 General Categories of Pneumonia

Answer 8

1.CAP (Community-acquired pneumonia)
2.HAP (Hospital-acquired pneumonia)/ Nosocomial pneumonia
3.Opportunistic Pneumonia (immunocompromised host)
4.Aspiration Pneumonia

Question 9

– Illness is contracted in a community setting or within 48 hrs
of admission to a healthcare facility

Answer 9

• CAP (Community-acquired pneumonia)

Question 10

– Occurs in healthcare setting >48 hrs after admission

Answer 10

• HAP (Hospital-acquired pneumonia)/ Nosocomial pneumonia

Question 11

– P. carinii pneumonia (Pneumocystis jirovecii ), Fungal
pneumonia, pneumonia related to TB

Answer 11

• Opportunistic Pneumonia (immunocompromised
  host)

Question 12

Infection is patchy, diffuse & scattered throughout both lungs

more common

Answer 12

Bronchopneumonia

Question 13

Inflammation is confined to one or more lobes of the lung

Answer 13

• Lobar pneumonia

Question 14

• Assessment Findings:
  – Fever
  – Chills
  – Productive cough,
  sputum (rust colored)
  – Discomfort in the chest
  wall muscles
  – General malaise
  – Pain during breathing
  (patient exhibits
  shallow breathing)

Answer 14

Pneumonia

Question 15

Diagnostic Findings:
– Wheezing, crackles,
decreased breath
sounds
– Cyanosis (nail beds,
lips, oral mucosa)
– Sputum culture
reveals infectious
microorganism
– CXR shows areas of
infiltrates &
consolidation
– ⭣WBC

Answer 15

Pneumonia

Question 16

(protein-poor, cell
count-poor)

Answer 16

Transudative effusion

Question 17

(protein rich fluid)

Answer 17

• Exudative effusion

Question 18

accumulation of pus

Answer 18

PYOthorax or Empyema