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Third Year | First Sem > NCMB311 MIDTERMS > Flashcards

NCMB311 MIDTERMS Flashcards

Nursing Research 1 (Biostatistics Integrated)

1
Q

include documents, articles and reports on studies

A

EMPIRICAL REFERENCES

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2
Q

based on actual experience or observation

A

EMPIRICAL REFERENCES

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3
Q

these are references based on research (could be a primary or secondary source)

A

EMPIRICAL REFERENCES

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4
Q

a.k.a. conceptual literature

A

NON-EMPIRICAL/ NON-RESEARCH REFERENCES

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5
Q

not based on actual research experience or investigation

A

NON-EMPIRICAL/ NON-RESEARCH REFERENCES

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6
Q

includes case reports, anectodal recordings, commentaries and opinion articles and clinical description (journals, books, and magazines)

A

NON-EMPIRICAL/ NON-RESEARCH REFERENCES

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7
Q

Subjective references

A

NON-EMPIRICAL/ NON-RESEARCH REFERENCES

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8
Q

description of an investigation written by the person who conducted it

A

PRIMARY DATA

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9
Q

one which the researcher himself has written

A

PRIMARY DATA

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10
Q

journals, books, research grant indexes, internet sites, research abstracts prepared by the researcher, oral presentation

A

PRIMARY DATA

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11
Q

description of studies/researches prepared and presented in oral or written form by someone other than the researcher

A

SECONDARY DATA

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12
Q

literature review, reaction/research papers and review, research critiques, abstract prepared by reviewer

A

SECONDARY DATA

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13
Q

The plans or _ form the structure and the researcher’s method of answering his questions and conducting studies

A

RESEARCH DESIGNS

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14
Q

It is the blue print of the study

A

RESEARCH DESIGNS

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15
Q

categorized according to the procedure the collects and analyze data on the way information is collected.

A

RESEARCH DESIGNS

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16
Q

a systematic and critical inquiry of the whole truth of past events

A

HISTORICAL RESEARCH

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17
Q

using the critical method in understanding and the interpretation of facts which are applicable to current issues and problems.

A

HISTORICAL RESEARCH

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18
Q

the study focuses at the present condition and the purpose is to describe and find new truth
which includes case studies and survey research.

A

DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH

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19
Q

the researcher examines carefully the relationships (similarities or difference) among several variables.

A

COMPARATIVE RESEARCH

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20
Q

seeks to answer question about causation

A

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

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21
Q

researchers attribute the change in one variable to the effect of one or more variable.

A

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

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22
Q

usually taken from the dictionary

A

Conceptual definition

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23
Q

expresses the meaning of terms as used in the particular field of the study

A

Operational definition

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24
Q

Complicated definition must be placed on the

A

appendix

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25
Q
  • To use another’s production without crediting the source
  • To commit literary theft
A

PLAGIARISM

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26
Q

A brief description of the place where participants or respondents are to be obtained.

A

LOCALE AND POPULATION OF THE STUDY

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27
Q

ability to provide complex textual descriptions of how people experience a given research issue.

A

qualitative research

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28
Q

It provides information about the “human” side of an issue
that is, the often contradictory behaviors, beliefs, opinions, emotions, and relationships of individuals.

A

qualitative research

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29
Q

effective in identifying intangible factors of life.

A

Qualitative methods

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30
Q

THINGS TO CONSIDER IN METHODS are SELECTION OF KEY INFORMANTS, CONSTRUCT RESEARCH TOOL and

A

CORPUS OF DATA

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31
Q

ONTOLOGIC, EPISTEMOLOGIC, AXIOLOGIC, METHODOLOGIC

A

PARADIGMS IN NURSING RESEARCH

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32
Q

POSITIVIST
Reality exist: there is a real world driven by real natural causes

A

ONTOLOGIC

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33
Q

NATURALIST
Reality is multiple and subjective, mentally constructed by individuals

A

ONTOLOGIC

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34
Q

POSITIVIST
The inquirer is independent

A

EPISTEMOLOGIC

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35
Q

NATURALIST
the inquirer interacts with those being researched

A

EPISTEMOLOGIC

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36
Q

POSITIVIST
Values and biases are to be held in check

A

AXIOLOGIC

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37
Q

NATURALIST
Subjectivity and values are inevitable

A

AXIOLOGIC

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38
Q

Deductive processes
emphasis on discrete, specific concepts
fixed design
seeks generalization

Is methodologic ___ view in paradigm

A

Positivist

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39
Q

Inductive processes
emphasis on entirely of some
phenomenon
flexible design
text bound
litative analysis
seeks pattern

Is methodologic __ view in paradigm

A

Naturalist

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40
Q

● Rooted in 19th century
● Comte, Mill, Newton, and Locke

A

QUANTITATIVE METHOD

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41
Q

Refers to a general set of orderly, disciplined
procedures used to acquire information

A

QUANTITATIVE METHOD

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42
Q
  • deductive and systematic
  • control
  • empirical evidence
  • tool + statistical treatment
    goal: generalizability
A

QUANTITATIVE METHOD

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43
Q
  • holds a small portion of human experience
  • You’ll create your own questionnaire
A

QUANTITATIVE METHOD

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44
Q
  • is conducted to find answers to questions
    about relationships among measurable variables with purpose of explaining,
    controlling, and predicting phenomena
A

QUANTITATIVE METHOD

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45
Q

it is knowing the outcome stated in numerical
data

A

QUANTITATIVE METHOD

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46
Q

which use a general set of
orderly, disciplined procedures to acquire Information and moves in an orderly and
systematic fashion

A

QUANTITATIVE METHOD

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47
Q
  • gathers empirical evidence
  • numeric
  • statistical treatment
  • deductive reasoning
A

QUANTITATIVE METHOD

48
Q

Research design where researchers are active
agents and not merely passive observers.

A

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

49
Q

the researcher consciously manipulates the conditions in the study and makes
observations in a tightly controlled environment.

A

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

50
Q

it seeks to determine if a specific treatment
influences an outcome

A

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

51
Q

it includes true experiment, with the random assignments of subjects to treatment
conditions and a quasi experiments that nonrandomized assignments of subjects

A

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

52
Q

experiment group

A

Manipulation

53
Q

3 properties:

Manipulation. Control, Randomization

A

TRUE EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

54
Q

the investigator manipulates or
“does something” to the
independent variable by introducing and experimental treatment to some subjects while withholding it from
others.

A

Manipulation

55
Q

group don’t receive experimentation

A

Control

56
Q

the researcher exerts control over the setting and the situation and impose certain restrictions on the situation with the use of two groups

A

Control

57
Q

nonbiased selection

A

Randomization

58
Q

the investigator assigns subjects to the control or experimental group at
random, giving every subject and equal chance of being selected

A

Randomization

59
Q

lacks at least one of the properties of true
experimental research

A

QUASI EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

60
Q

involves manipulation of an independent variable, but lacks randomization to treatment
group

A

QUASI EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

61
Q
  • instruments or tools used are informal and unstructured
  • no attempt to control
A

QUASI EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

62
Q
  • narrative: intuitive fashion
  • inductive reasoning
A

QUASI EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

63
Q

Does not use manipulation and control of the independent variable and conducted mostly in the natural settings under natural conditions

A

NON EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

64
Q

A. DESCRIPTIVE
B. COMPARATIVE
C. CORRELATIONAL
D. METHODOLOGICAL
E. SURVEY

A

NON EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

65
Q

test the strength of relationship (IQ/HT)

A

CORRELATIONAL

66
Q

Instrument (tool/questionnaire)

A

METHODOLOGICAL

67
Q

characteristics of the population

A

SURVEY

68
Q

Starts with a few preconceived ideas and stresses the importance of people’s
interpretations of events and circumstances.

A

QUALITATIVE METHOD

69
Q

Focus: to capture and understand the entirely
of certain phenomena and collect narrative data

A

QUALITATIVE METHOD

70
Q

A systematic, subjective approach used to describe life experiences and give them meaning

A

QUALITATIVE METHOD

71
Q
  • Instruments or tools are used are informal and unstructured
  • no attempt to control
  • narrative = intuitive fashion
  • Inductive reasoning
A

QUALITATIVE METHOD

72
Q

QUALITATIVE sampling method

A

purposive, snowballing

73
Q

Research - Participant Relationship

A

QUALITATIVE METHOD

74
Q

focuses on lived experience

A

PHENOMENOLOGICAL RESEARCH

75
Q

is a design of inquiry coming from philosophy and psychology in which the researcher describes the lives experiences of individuals
about a phenomenon as described by participants

A

PHENOMENOLOGICAL RESEARCH

76
Q

deals with topics such as the meaning of life for people suffering from chronic illness, those in stress, or those who have lost their loved ones

A

PHENOMENOLOGICAL RESEARCH

77
Q

Main Data Source for Phenomenological research

A

In-depth conversations

78
Q

Focuses on culture

A

ETHNORAPHIC RESEARCH

79
Q

an inquiry coming from anthropology and
sociology in which the researcher requires a
long periods of stay in the field to describe
and interpret cultural behaviour, with the
researcher seeking to learn from members of
a cultural 1group to understand their view of
the world

A

ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH

80
Q

data collection involves observation and
interviews

A

ETHNORAPHIC RESEARCH

81
Q

3 broad aspects on information that are of interest to ethnographer

A
  • cultural behavior
  • cultural artifacts
  • cultural speech
82
Q

Focuses on the past

A

HISTORICAL RESEARCH

83
Q

Attempts to answer question about causes, effects, or trends related to the past events,
issues, or conditions that may explain current
behavioral practices

A

HISTORICAL RESEARCH

84
Q

involves systematic collection, critical evaluation, and interpretation of historical
evidence with the end goal of discovering new knowledge

A

HISTORICAL RESEARCH

85
Q

it focuses on single entity or one case

A

CASE STUDIES

86
Q

are design of inquiry in many fields that develops in-depth investigation, for analysis
and understanding of a single entity or social unit - the individual family, group, institution, organization or community- in which the core
of inquiry is the case itself and the dynamic of why it thinks, behaves, or develops in a particular way

A

CASE STUDIES

87
Q

weakness: difficulty in attaining generalization

A

CASE STUDIES

88
Q

focuses on story in studies

A

NARRATIVE ANALYSIS

89
Q

focuses on a narrative or story to determine how individuals make sense of events in their
lives

A

NARRATIVE ANALYSIS

90
Q

is a design of inquiry from the humanities in which the researcher studies the lives of
individuals and asks one or more individuals to provide stories bout their lives (Rissman, 2008)

A

NARRATIVE ANALYSIS

91
Q

Focus/Data: Numerical
Stance/Opinion: Emphasizes OBJECTIVITY in collection
and analysis of information (only one reality)
Method: uses structured procedures and formal
instruments (survey)

A

QUANTITATIVE

92
Q

Control: Collects information under conditions of
control or has attempt to control
Tools: Survey questionnaire
Analysis: Statistics
Reasoning: Deductive (general to specific)

A

QUANTITATIVE

93
Q

Focus/Data: Narrative
Stance/Opinion: Capitalize on SUBJECTIVE data
(multiple reality)
Method: has no structured
instruments/unstructured/semi structured

A

QUALITATIVE

94
Q

Control: has no attempt to control context; attempts to
capture context in its entirely
Tools: interview
Analysis: narrative data
Reasoning: inductive (specific to general)

A

QUALITATIVE

95
Q

The researcher must explain how and where the
subjects are taken and bring description of the
respondents.

A

DESCRIPTION OF RESPONDENTS

96
Q

When the population is homogenous

A

Smaller sample

97
Q

if heterogenous population

A

larger sample

98
Q

Each of the units in
the target population has the same chance of being included in the sample

A

PROBABILITY SAMPLING

99
Q

Greater possibility of representative sample of the
population

A

PROBABILITY SAMPLING

100
Q

No way that each of the
units in the target
population has the same
chance of being included in the sample

A

NON-PROBABILITY
SAMPLING

101
Q

No assurance that every
unit has some chance of
being included

A

NON-PROBABILITY
SAMPLING

102
Q

Conclusion
derived from data
gathered can be
generalized for
the whole
population

A

PROBABILITY SAMPLING

103
Q

Conclusion derived from
data gathered is limited
only to the sample itself

A

NON-PROBABILITY
SAMPLING

104
Q

– can be done
through the lottery method or table of random numbers. (Fishing technique)

A

SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING

105
Q

– uses the sampling
interval formula. Sampling interval = total
population/ desired sample size. (Ex: even
or odd numbers)

A

SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING

106
Q

– used to ensure that
different groups of the population are adequately included in the sample. (Ex: 1st
year = 30 students, 2nd year = 30, 3rdyr = 30…)

A

STRATIFIED SAMPLING

107
Q

– used in large scale
surveys; sampling larger groupings then smaller groupings

A

CLUSTER SAMPLING

108
Q

– the selection of
the sample is accomplished in more than 2 steps

A

MULTI-STAGE SAMPLING

109
Q

obtained when the researcher selects whatever sampling units are conveniently available.

A

ACCIDENTAL OR CONVENIENCE SAMPLING

110
Q

the sample depends upon the subjective judgement of
the researcher

A

PURPOSIVE SAMPLING

111
Q

researchers have an
assignment of a quota or a certain number that must be covered by the research
including several criteria.

A

QUOTA SAMPLING

112
Q

starts with known sources of information who or which will in turn give other sources of information.

A

SNOWBALL SAMPLING

113
Q

this is used to find socially devalued urban populations such as addict, alcoholic, child abusers, and criminals because they are usually hidden
from outsiders.

A

NETWORKING SAMPLING

114
Q

 SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING
 SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING
 STRATIFIED SAMPLING
 CLUSTER SAMPLING
 MULTI-STAGE SAMPLING

A

TYPES OF PROBABILITY SAMPLING

115
Q

 ACCIDENTAL OR CONVENIENCE SAMPLING
 PURPOSIVE SAMPLING
 QUOTA SAMPLING
 SNOWBALL SAMPLING
 NETWORKING SAMPLING

A

TYPES OF NON PROBABILITY SAMPLING

Third Year | First Sem (13 decks)

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