NCMB312 FINALS Flashcards
discovered of Vibrio cholera.
Filippo Pacini
Russian-Jewish bacteriologist - developed the first cholera vaccine in July 1892.
Waldemar Haffkine
- is regarded as one of the founding fathers of modern epidemiology and
discovered how cholera was spread in London.
Dr. John Snow
- has been nicknamed the “blue
death” because a person dying
of this may lose so many body fluids that their skin turns bluish-gray.
Cholera
Causative Agent of cholera
Vibrio coma or vibrio cholera
Incubation Period
From a few hours to 5 days
(average of 3 days)
cholera
Period of Communicability
As long as microorganisms are
present in the bowel excreta
cholera
Mild-diarrhea that becomes voluminous
Rice-watery stool (pathognomonic
sign)
Washer woman’s hands
cholera
Effortless vomiting
Cramping of the extremities
(hypokalemia)
Signs of severe dehydration
cholera
Severe dehydration and ECF
volume deficit
Hypokalemia
Metabolic acidosis
cholera
Stool or vomitus culture
Serum electrolytes
Dark field or Phase
Microscopy
cholera
Antibiotics for cholera
Tetracycline
(drug of choice)
Rice watery stool
Signs of severe
dehydration:
sunken eyeball,
Washer- woman’s
hand, metabolic
acidosis, shock
Violent Dysentery Cholera, Vibrio cholera
Tx: Tetracycline
Violent Dysentery Cholera, Vibrio cholera
+/- fever
+/- vomiting
Abdominal pain
(colicky or
cramping)
Diarrhea with
tenesmus
Mucus and Blood
streaked stool
Bacillary Dysentery
Shigelosis
Shigella dysenteriae
Tx: Cotrimoxazole
Bacillary Dysentery
Shigelosis
Shigella dysenteriae
+/- fever
+/- vomiting
Abdominal pain
Diarrhea with
tenesmus
Muco-purulent
blood streaked
stool
Tx: Metronidazole
Amoebic Dysentery
Amoebiasis
Entamoeba
histolitica
Tx: Metronidazole
Amoebic Dysentery
Amoebiasis
Entamoeba
histolitica
The first effective vaccine for typhoid was developed by - and was introduced for military
use in 1896.
Almroth Edward Wright
- was a pathologist that confirmed the bacillus Eberthella typhi, which is known today as Salmonella enterica.
Georg Gaffky
Causative Agent Salmonella Typhi
TYPHOID FEVER
Incubation Period
Variable
Usually 1 – 3 weeks, average: 2weeks
TYPHOID FEVER
Mode of Transmission
Fecal – oral route
Ingestion of contaminated food and
water 5 F’s – fingers, feces, flies, food,
fomites
TYPHOID FEVER
Clinical Manifestations
Gradual onset
A-norexia and abdominal pain
B-radycardia
C-onstipation
TYPHOID FEVER
