ONCOLOGY; INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Flashcards
Define each:
Neoplasia
Oncology
Neoplasia - new growth
Oncology – study of tumors or neoplasia
Define each:
Tumor
Cancer
Tumor - swelling - benign
Cancer - malignant
Extent to which neoplastic parenchymal cells
resemble the corresponding normal parenchymal
cells both morphologically and functionally
DIFFERENTIATION
LACK/LOSS of differentiation, associated with other morphologic changes
ANAPLASIA
ANAPLASTIC CHANGES (4)
PLEOMORPHISM
ABNORMAL NUCLEAR MORPHOLOGY
LOSS OF POLARITY, DISTURBED ORIENTATION
TUMOR GIANT CELLS
loss in uniformity & architectural orientation of the cells
Disordered growth, often occurs in metaplastic epithelium
More of a precancerous stage
Reversible
DYSPLASIA
Abnormal mass of tissue
Growth exceeds and uncoordinated with tha kd the niemal tissue
Autonomous
Clonal-arise from single cell that incurred Generic damage
NEOPLASIA
Define each
GRADING
STAGING
GRADING - degree of differentiation of tumor cells and the number of mitosis (microscopic description)
STAGING - based on size of primary lesion, extend of regional
Located at the ends of chromosomes
Functions:
Protect chromosomes from dergrations
Regulates telomerase activity at chromosomes ends
Essensial for chromosome stability
Telomeres
Invasion vs metastasis
Invasion – Direct extension
Metastasis – Distant from the primary site
This skin lesion is associated with patients infected with HIV
Kaposi sarcoma
A skin lesion characterized by presence of watery fluid inside is
bullae
This skin infection is marked by presence of yeast cells and hyphal elements
fungal
This skin lesion rarely metastasize
basal cell carcinoma
Pruritus means
itchiness
The UV ray exposure with greater risk for skin cancer is
UV B
Infection with HTLV increases the risk for
lymphoma
Grading is more significant than staging when dealing with patients’ prognosis
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
B. FALSE
. Paraneoplastic syndromes present significant problems because they
A. may destroy tissues
B. elaborate abnormal products which maybe harmful
C. both choices
D. neither choice
C. both choices
Disorganized arrangement of anaplastic cells is described as
A. loss of polarity
B. metaplasia
C. apoptosis
D. dysmorphism
loss of polarity
Which of the following tumor is malignant?
A. Fibroma
B. melanoma
C. adenoma
D. leiomyoma
melanoma
This organism is associated with development of gastric carcinoma.
Helicobacter pylori
In women, the most common cancer death is due to
lung
Which nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio is regarded as anaplastic?
A. 1:1
B. 1:6
C. 1:4
A. 1:1
Which of the following is a hematopoietic/ blood malignancy?
A. osteosarcoma
B. lipoma
C. leukemia
D. meningioma
C. leukemia
. If liver carcinoma will metastasize, the preferred route for spread will be
A. hematogenous
B. direct extension
C. drop metastasis
D. lymphatics
D. lymphatics
Staging of the tumor includes the evaluation of the following, EXCEPT
A. Tumor size
C. nodal involvement
B. metastasis
D. grade
grade
Which term describes an anaplastic cell with variation in size and shape?
A. monomorphic
C. pleomorphic
B. dysplastic
D. metaplastic
dysplastic
The most common malignancy in males is in
prostate
Which of the following marks a tumor as malignant?
A. unencapsualtion
C. metastasis
B. monomorphism
D. mobility
B. monomorphism
The following are true of Chlamydiae EXCEPT
A. depend on host cells for replication
B. only contains DNA
C. smaller than bacteria
D. susceptible to antibiotics,
B. only contains DNA
- What organism causes mycoses?
fungi
Type of skin lesion seen in rubella
A. diffuse erythema
B. maculopapular eruption
C. petechial purpuric eruptions
D. vesiculobullous eruption
B. maculopapular eruption
Which of the folowing tumor si malignant?
Fibroma B. hepatoma
C. adenoma D. leiomyoma
B. hepatoma
Nodes which are common metastatic sites for cancer
D. supraclavicular and inguinal
What causes Scalded skin syndrome?
MYCOPLASMA
A form of primary prevention of cancer si
A. vaccination
B. both
C. diet modification
D. neither
B. both
This cytokine contributes for progressive loss of fat in cancer patients
TNF
Which describes Invasion?
A. Alung cancer which has spread to the brain
B. both choices
C. superficial Skin cancer which infiltrated the deeper dermis
D. neither choice
B. both choices
Structural alterations ni cels or tissues characteristic of adisease or diagnostic of an etiologic process.
Molecular and Morphologic changes
Define
Oncogenes -
● Protoncogenes
● Oncoproteins -
Oncogenes - Genes that promote autonomous growth
● Protoncogenes - normal cellular counterpart
● Oncoproteins - products of genes without regulatory
function
Oma - connotes benign tumor EXCEPT:
Seminoma, lymphoma, melanoma, hepatoma
A slow-growing surface epithelial skin tumor originating from undifferentiated basal cells contained in the epidermis.
Basal Cell Sarcoma
Arising in sun-damaged skin, such as the rim of the ear, the face, the lips and mouth, and the dorsa of the hands
Squamous cell carcinoma
