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PATHOLOGY > Finals: Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Finals: Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

Risk factors to the development of osteomyelitis
a. Immunossuppressive drug intake
b. Diabetes melitus
c. Malignancy
d. All of the other choices

A

d. All of the other choices

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2
Q

Which is the most common site for spondylodiskitis?
a. No preference for any site
b. Interverebral disk
c. Knee joint
d. Joints in the hands

A

b. Interverebral disk

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2
Q

True of extrapulmonary tuberculosis?
a. Hard to diagnose
b. All of the other choices
c. Even a small number of bacilli can cause a very extensive damage
d. It involves multiple organs

A

b. All of the other choices

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2
Q

Chronic osteomyelitis is associated with the following statements:
a. More commonly observed in immunocompromised adults
b. Undiagnosed acute disease
c. All of the other choices
d. Persistent bone infection

A

c. All of the other choices

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2
Q

Infectious arthritis is also known as follows EXCEPT:
a. Septic arthritis
b. Bacterial arthritis
c. Reactive arthritis
d. None of the other choices

A

c. Reactive arthritis

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2
Q

Which of the following statement is true?
a. Infection in silicone breast implants is higher in patients with breast carcinoma
b. Infection in silicone breast implants is high in patients who have it done due to aesthetic purposes and breast augmentation only.
c. Infection rate in silicone breast implants is the same among all patients regardless of existing condition.

A

A.

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2
Q

Streptococcus infection is the most common etiologic agent in the following:
a. Infections in prosthesis
b. None of the other choices
c. Osteomyelitis
d. Spondylodiskitis

A

b. None of the other choices

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2
Q

A diabetic female patient undergoes knee cap replacement. Which of the following statement is correct?
a. All of the other choices
b. She is at high risk for infection due to her diabetes.
c. The usual cause of infection is a single type of bacteria.
d. The knee cap replacement fails due to infection if there is concomitant uncontrolled hemarthrosis.

A

a. All of the other choices

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2
Q

Pott’s disease is caused by:
a. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
b. Any of the other choices
c. Staphylococcus aureus
d. Fungi

A

a. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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2
Q

Which is a risk factor in adult septic arthritis?
a. Drug abuse
b. Trauma
c. All of the other choices
d. Immunodeficiency

A

c. All of the other choices

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2
Q

T or F
Infection risk is higher in patients who have undergone mastectomy due to breast cancer. Silicone breast implants are commonly used.

A

TRUE

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2
Q

refers to inflammation of muscles and can be autoimmune or caused by infectious agents such as Staphylococcus aureus, Trichenella, or Taenia solium. Forms include dermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis (PM), and inclusion body myositis (IBM).

A

Myositis

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2
Q

Who among the following have higher incidence of acute osteomyelitis?
a. Adult and boys
b. Children and boys
c. Children and girls
d. Adult and girls

A

d. Adult and girls

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2
Q

The roles of PT in the management of osteomyelitis include the following:
a. All of the other choices
b. Successful rehabilitation
c. Minimise effects of trauma
d. Complication prevention

A

a. All of the other choices

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2
Q

How is skeletal tuberculosis treated?
a. Same as pulmonary tuberculosis
b. More extensive than pulmonary tuberculosis
c. Use of different medications

A

a. Same as pulmonary tuberculosis

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2
Q

Improved surgical techniques prevents infections in installation of prothesis or implants.
a. The statement is true
b. The statement is not proven
c. The statement is false

A

a. The statement is true

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3
Q

Myositis is found to be associated with the following:
a. Staphylococcus aureus
b. All of the other choices
c. Parasitic infection
d. Autoimmune process

A

b. All of the other choices

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3
Q

If a child refuses to walk and complains of pain, the following is more likely:
a. Rheumatoid arthitis
b. Osteomyelitis
c. Spondylodiskitis
d. Myositis

A

c. Spondylodiskitis

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3
Q

TRUE of C-reactive protein:
a. Bacteria can be identified
b. All of the other choices
c. It is a marker of inflammatory process
d. Elevated level indicates better outcome of the infection

A

c. It is a marker of inflammatory process

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3
Q

A patient with osteomyelitis experiences the following:
a. Radiculopathy
b. Back pains
c. Fever
d. All of the other choices

A

d. All of the other choices

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3
Q

Which of the following protects the bacterial colonies in the infection involving implants and prosthesis:
a. Serum
b. Biofilm
c. All of the other choices
d. Collagen

A

b. Biofilm

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3
Q

Pannus formation is implicated in the following:
a. Good healing process in arthritis
b. Joint destruction
c. Persistence of infection

A

b. Joint destruction

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3
Q

.Physical therapists are expected to do the following in the management of bone and muscle infection:
a. Be able to recognize the manifestations of the disease
b. Know when to refer patients for appropriate medical treatment
c. Extract a good history
d. All the other choices

A

d. All the other choices

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3
Q

Inflammation of bone secondary to infectious agents. It presents with swelling of the bone and can affect the spine, pelvis, arms, and legs. Factors influencing its severity include immune status, comorbidities, type, location, and vascularity.

A

OSTEOMYELITIS

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4
Q

Prognosis of Osteomyelitis
Acute vs Chronic

A

Acute osteomyelitis has a small risk of death but can lead to permanent bone structure loss if left untreated. Chronic osteomyelitis generally has a poor prognosis.

4
Q

Acute vs Chronic osteomyelitis

A

Acute osteomyelitis typically lasts less than 7 days and is uncommon, usually occurring in children with the presence of neutrophils.
Chronic osteomyelitis lasts more than a week, is more common in adults and immunocompromised individuals, and is characterized by the presence of macrophages, T cells, and B cells.

4
Q

Pathogenesis of Osteomyelitis

A

Inflammatory response, involvement of the metaphysis, decreased phagocytosis, slow blood flow, and abscess formation are key aspects of the pathogenesis.

4
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Osteomyelitis

A

Symptoms include back pain, low-grade fever, intense pain, local manifestations, and in children, reluctance to stand or walk.

4
Q

Etiologic Factors of Osteomyelitis

A

Common pathogens include Staphylococcus aureus, group B Streptococcus, Gram-negative rods, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Exogenous factors involve penetrating wounds or other trauma, while hematogenous sources involve pre-existing infections.

4
Q

Infections of Prosthesis & Implants

A

Infections, mostly caused by Staphylococcal bacteria, are a common cause of prosthetic failure, especially in joints. Risk factors include immune system status and events that enhance bacterial growth.

5
Q

Which characteristic of the bone makes microorganisms in osteomyelitis be easily spread?
a. Porous
b. Hardness
c. All of the other choices
d. Multilayers

A

a. Porous

5
Q

It is a self-limiting inflammation or infection involving the intervertebral disk, often caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus or Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

A

Spondylodiscitis

5
Q

Incidence, Etiology & Pathogenesis of Myositis

A

IBM is the most common acquired muscle disease in adults. Intra-muscle fiber degeneration leads to destruction and severe weakness. IBM is often progressive, debilitating, and may not respond well to treatment. It can be associated with certain drugs and autoimmune processes involving cytotoxic T cells and amyloid deposits.

6
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Infections in Prosthesis & Implants

A

Symptoms include persistent joint pain, edema, hematoma, local pain, and fever. Joint infections are categorized as early (<3 months), delayed (3-24 months), or late (>24 months).

7
Q

A common site of entry of microorganisms in acute osteomyelitis EXCEPT:
a. GI tract
b. Open wound
c. Hematogenous
d. None of the other choices

A

c. Hematogenous

7
Q

Which of the following conditions manifest with very small orifice of prepuce?
a. Phimosis
b. Agenesis
c. Hypospadia
d. Epispadia

A

a. Phimosis

8
Q
A
8
Q

Neuropathy which involves nerve roots as it emerges from the spinal cord is called which of the following?
a. Radiculoneuropathy
b. Polyneuropathy
c. Polyradiculitis
d. Mononeuropathy

A

a. Radiculoneuropathy

8
Q

About half of the injuries in the US is due to the following EXCEPT:,
A. sprain
C. contusion
B. fracture
D. dislocation

A

C. contusion

8
Q

. The most common inherited chromosomal disorder is characterized by the following EXCEPT: ‘
A. muscle hypotonia
C. simian line (transverse palmar crease)
B. flattened nasal bridge
D. joint hypoextensibility

A

D. joint hypoextensibility

8
Q

he most common cause of structural kyphosis in adolescence.
A. Scheuermann’s disease
C. meningocele
B. Spina bifida
D. Down syndrome

A

A. Scheuermann’s disease

8
Q

In this type of developmental hip dysplasia, the hip is positioned normally but can be dislocated by
manipulation:
A. subluxation
C. complete dislocation
B. incomplete dislocation
D. unstable

A

D. unstable

8
Q

Comprise the largest and most common group of inherited progressive neuromuscular disorders of childhood. -
A. Muscular Dystrophies
C. Congenital myopathies
B. Spinal muscular atrophy

A

A. Muscular Dystrophies

8
Q

Dystrophin is nearly normal or low levels but of an abnormal size:
A. Becker-type MD
C. Congenital Muscular Dystrophy
B. Duchenne-type MD

A

A. Becker-type MD

9
Q

. The most severe CMD and is the result of defects in the first step in the glycosylation process where 0-mannose is added to a-dystroglycan caused by the absence of O-mannosyltransferase 1.
A. Fukuyama
C. Ullrich
B. Merosin-negative
D. WWS (POMT1)

A

D. WWS (POMT1)

9
Q

. The severe congenital form of Nemaline myopathy is type:
A. 1
С. 3
B. 2
D. 4 & 5

A

A. 1

10
Q

This type of spinal muscular atrophy causes respiratory failure and early death in the first few years of life if respiratory support is not provided:-
A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV

A

A. I

10
Q

. This type of torticollis shows fibrotic mass in the SCM:
A. I
C. III
B. II
D. IV

A

A. I

11
Q

Klumpke’s palsy affecting the nerve roots:
A. C1-C4
C. C5-1
B. C5-C6
D. C8 - T1

A

D. C8 - T1

12
Q

This connective tissue disorder is due to mutation affecting the genes (COL1 Al and COL1A2) that code for type I collagen.
A. osteopetrosis
C. osteoporosis
B. osteogenesis imperfecta

A

B. osteogenesis imperfecta

13
Q

Far the most common metabolic bone disease.
A. osteopetrosis
C. osteoporosis
B. osteogenesis imperfecta

A

C. osteoporosis

13
Q

etaly aroral arangement of the laminated bone separated by Socalld cement ines gives the bone the look of a mosaic pattern.
A. osteopetrosis
C. osteoporosis
B. osteogenesis imperfecta
D. Paget disease

A

D. Paget disease

14
Q

Progressive disease in which lack of mineralization of new bone matrix results in a softening of bone without loss of the present bone matrix:
A. osteopetrosis
B. osteogenesis imperfecta
C. osteoporosis
D. osteomalacia

A
15
Q

The most serious, potentially life-threatening and costly complication of metabolic bone diseases is: -
A. fracture
B. bone pain
C. cancer
D. none of the choices

A

A. fracture

16
Q
  1. Types of Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita EXCEPT:
    A. Amyoplasia
    C. distal arthrogryposis
    B. contracture syndromes
    D. none of the choices
A

D. none of the choices

16
Q

Chronic osteomyelitis is:
A. more commonly observed in immunocompromised adults
B. a persistent bone infection
C. seen in undiagnosed acute disease
D. All of the other choices

A

D. All of the other choices

16
Q

This metabolic bone disorder is characterized by reduced bone resorption and have a genetic basis:
A. osteopetrosis
_B. osteogenesis imperfecta
C. osteoporosis

A

A. osteopetrosis

16
Q

The following is the cause of Pott’s disease:
A. Staphylococcus aureus
B. Mycobacterium bovis
C. Fungi
D. None of the other choices

A

D. None of the other choices

16
Q

The following can cause myositis:
A. Autoimmune process
B. Parasitic infection
C. Staphylococcus aureus
D. All of the other choices

A

D. All of the other choices

16
Q
  1. Which of the following is associated with extrapulmonary tuberculosis?
    A. Even a small number of bacilli can cause a very extensive damage
    B. Hard to diagnose
    C. It involves multiple organs
    D. All of the other choices
A

D. All of the other choices

PATHOLOGY (15 decks)

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