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PATHOLOGY > Midterms: Endocrine and Metabilism > Flashcards

Midterms: Endocrine and Metabilism Flashcards

1
Q

Which thyroid cancer is part of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2)?
a. Medullary
b. Follicular
c. Papillary
d. Anaplastic

A

a. Medullary

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2
Q

The physical therapist can best provide adequate education for the importance of which one of the following
aspects in the prevention of diabetes?
a. Alcohol intake
b. Diet rich in salt and cholesterol
c. Exercise
d. Weight gain

A

c. Exercise

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2
Q

Physiologic effects of cortisol includes which one of the following?
a. Increases bone formation
b. Maintains normal blood pressure
c. Inhibits gastric secretion
d. Decreases urinary excretion

A

b. Maintains normal blood pressure

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2
Q

Precipitating causes of diabetic ketoacidosis include the following EXCEPT:
a. Trauma
b. Compliance to insulin doses
c. Infection
d. Alcohol abuse

A

b. Compliance to insulin doses

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3
Q

Which hormone is responsible for calcium and phosphorus metabolism?
a. Calcitonin
b. Melatonin
c. Somatostatin
d. Oxytocin

A

a. Calcitonin

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3
Q

Semmes-Weinstein monofilament testing for protective sensation is performed for what condition?
a. Entrapment neuropathy
b. Sensorimotor neuropathy
c. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy
d. Autonomic neuropathy

A

c. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy

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3
Q

Clinical manifestations of hypopituitarism include which one of the following?
a. Tall stature
b. Infertility
c. Hyperglycemia
d. Hyperthyroidism

A

b. Infertility

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3
Q

Smoking among diabetics result to which one of the following?
a. Has a positive effect on prognosis
b. With higher all-cause mortality rate than those who do not smoke
c. Worsens diabetes complications,
d. Decreases insulin resistance

A

c. Worsens diabetes complications,

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3
Q

Neural stimulation to the posterior pituitary provokes the secretion of what two effector hormones?

A

ADH and oxytocin

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3
Q

What is the most common cause of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secretion?
a. Infection
b. Pituitary tumor
c. Ectopic ADH production by malignancies
d. Trauma

A

c. Ectopic ADH production by malignancies

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3
Q

Adipose tissue can be classified as an endocrine gland because:
a. It secretes several hormones for metabolism and cellular growth.
b. It serves as a source of energy. c. It simulates the hunger-satiety cycle of a person. d. It regulates the body+IBk-s metabolic functions.

A

a. It secretes several hormones for metabolism and cellular growth.

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3
Q

What is the most common form of hyperthyroidism?
a. Multinodular colloid goiter
b. Papillary thyroid carcinoma
c. Hashimoto thyroiditis
d. Graves disease

A

d. Graves disease

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4
Q

What is the most striking physical finding in primary adrenal insufficiency?

A

Hyperpigmentation

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4
Q

Which one of the following is a cause of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?
a. Drugs like lithium
b. Pituitary adenoma
c. Aneurysm
d. Autoimmune

A

a. Drugs like lithium

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4
Q

Which hormone is known as the hyperglycemic factor?

A

Glucagon

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4
Q

Changes in the neuroendocrine system at menopause have the following effects EXCEPT:
a. Regulation of cardiovascular functions
b. Regulation of mood, memory, cognition and behavior
c. Regulation of genitourinary functions
d. Control of reproductive and non-reproductive functions

A

c. Regulation of genitourinary functions

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4
Q

What hormone is produced by the adrenal medulla and is involved in fight-or-flight response?

A

Epinephrine

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5
Q

Diabetes mellitus may present with stiff-hand syndrome and limited joint motion syndrome which can be
associated with what disorder?

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

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5
Q

Aquatic physical therapy is contraindicated in which condition?

A

Addison disease

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5
Q

Endocrine glands that undergo anatomic changes in aging include the following EXCEPT:
a. Adrenal
b. Pineal
c. Parathyroid
d. Pituitary

A

b. Pineal

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6
Q

What is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease, which is kidney fallure requiring dialysis or transplantation?
A. Diabetes mellitus
B. Acute glomerulonephritis
C. SLE (lupus nephritis)
D. Leptospirosis

A

A. Diabetes mellitus

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6
Q

Hyperglycemia causes macrovascular and microvascular damages through all of the following mechanisms EXCEPT:
A. Increased polyol pathway flux
B. Increased advanced glycation end-product formation
C. Activation of protein kinase C isoforms
D. Decreased hexosamine pathway flux.

A

D. Decreased hexosamine pathway flux.

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7
Q

Which of the following risk factors is common to both Type 1 and Type 2 DM?
A. Cigarette smoking
B. Hypertension
C. Positive family history

A

C. Positive family history

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8
Q

What is the most common cause of hypercortisoism?
A. Corticosteroid use
B. Pituitary hyperplasia
C. Adrenal tumor
D. Non-endocrine tumor

A

A. Corticosteroid use

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9
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common finding in people with what endocrine and metabolic condition?
A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Dwarfism
C. Cushing disease
D. Acromegaly

A

D. Acromegaly

10
Q

Muscle weakness, atrophy, myalgia, and fatigue at rest may be early manifestations of the following
endocrine disorders EXCEPT:
A. Thyroid
B. Diabetes
C. Cushing disease
D. Osteoporosis

A

D. Osteoporosis

11
Q

Which of the following endocrine changes may be associated with aging?
A. Type 1 DM
B. Hyperthyroidism
C. Atypical endocrine diseases
D. Hypotension

A

C. Atypical endocrine diseases

11
Q

What is an example of ectopic hormone production?
A. Non-endocrine cancers like a particular lung cancer can secrete ACTH and GH
B. Insulin secreted by beta cells of Islets of Langerhans
C. Hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis with feedback inhibition mechanism
D. Catecholamines with fight to flight response

A

A. Non-endocrine cancers like a particular lung cancer can secrete ACTH and GH

12
Q

Release of catecholamines at sympathetic nerve endings leads to the following EXCEPT:
A. Increased cardiac output
B. Elevated blood pressure
C. Decreased blood glucose levels
* D. Increase in blood lipids

A

C. Decreased blood glucose levels

13
Q

Primary adrenal insufficiency is also known as what?
A. Cushing disease
B. Nelson syndrome
C. Addison disease
D. SIADH

A

C. Addison disease

14
Q

What is the most common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism?
A. Chronic renal failure
B. Osteogenesis imperfecta
C. Paget disease
D. Multiple myeloma

A

A. Chronic renal failure

15
Q

What is the most common type of thyroid cancer?
A. Papillary
B. Follicular
C. Medullary
D. Anaplastic

A

A. Papillary

16
Q

Which are the most frequent manifestations of hypothyroidism seen in a therapy practice?
A. Gastrointestinal
B. Cardiovascular
C. Neuromuscular
D. Genito-urinary

A

C. Neuromuscular

16
Q

What hormone is involved in producing secondary sex characteristics?
A. Cortisol
B. Aldosterone
C. Estrogen
D. Parathyroid hormone

A

C. Estrogen

17
Q

Adipose tissue secretes which hormone?
A. Adiponectin
B. Adipolectin
C. Fatty glycerol

A

A. Adiponectin

17
Q

In exercising patients with hypothyroidism one must remain alert to any signs or symptoms of what condition?
A. Rhabdomyolysis
B. Bradycardia
C. Myocarditis
D. Myocardial infarction

A

A. Rhabdomyolysis

18
Q

Which hormone is produced by the beta cells of islets of Langerhans?
A. Insulin
B. Glucagon
C. Somatomedin
D. Amylin

A

A. Insulin

18
Q

Occurs with some infectious processes and many musculoskeletal conditions.

A

Tenosynovitis (inflammation of the tendon sheaths)

18
Q

Which of the following hormones is produced by the adrenal cortex?
A. Epinephrine
B. Norepinephrine
C. Cortisol
D. Somatostatin

A

C. Cortisol

18
Q

Which one is not a common cause of hypothyroidism?
A. Congenital autoimmune thyroiditis
B. Thyroid ablation via surgery or RAI therapy
C. Medication with thiouracil or lithium
D. Pituitary failure

A

D. Pituitary failure

18
Q

What hormone is involved in sodium reabsorption?
A. Cortisol
B. Aldosterone
C. Glucagon
D. Parathyroid hormone

A

B. Aldosterone

18
Q

is the deposition of calcium salts in the joint cartilage;
when accompanied by attacks of gout-like symptoms, it is called pseudogout.

A

Chondrocalcinosis

19
Q

What contributes to increased potential to develop tumors with advancing age?
A. Increased wear and tear
C. Loss of DNA repair mechanisms
B. Greater DNA mutations
D. Loss of tumor suppressor genes

A

D. Loss of tumor suppressor genes

19
Q

What happens with the secretion of thyroid hormones with age?
A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Remains the same
D. Normal

A

B. Decreases

19
Q

The following are general functions of the endocrine system EXCEPT:
A. Differentiation of the gastrointestinal and cardiovascular systems of the developing fetus
B. Stimulation of sequential growth and development during childhood and adolescence.
C. Coordination of the male and female reproductive systems
D. Maintenance of optimal internal environment throughout the life span

A

A. Differentiation of the gastrointestinal and cardiovascular systems of the developing fetus

19
Q

True demonstrative weakness is observed in which endocrine disorder?
A. Hypothyroidism and hypoparathyroidism:
C. Hyperthyroidism and hyperparathyroidism
B. Hyperthyroidism and hypoparathyroidism.
D. Hypothyroidism and hyperparathyroidism

A

C. Hyperthyroidism and hyperparathyroidism

20
Q

Bitemporal hemianopsia occurs with adenoma in which endocrine organ?
A. Pituitary
B. Adrenal
C. Thyroid
D. Parathyroid

A

A. Pituitary

21
Q

Muscle weakness, atrophy, myalgia, and fatigue at rest are early manifestations of the following endocrine disorders EXCEPT:
A. Hypothyroidism
B. Diabetes
C. Cushing disease
D. Osteoporosis

A

D. Osteoporosis

21
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common finding in what endocrine and metabolic condition?
A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Dwarfism
C. Cushing disease
D. Acromegaly

A

D. Acromegaly

21
Q

What is the dreaded complication among exercising patients with hypothyroidism?

A

Myocardial infarction

21
Q

What is an example of ectopic hormone production?
A. Non-endocrine cancers like a particular lung cancer can secrete ACTH and GH
B, Insulin secreted by beta cells of Islets of Langerhans
C. Hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis with feedback inhibition mechanism
D. Catecholamines with fight to flight response

A

A. Non-endocrine cancers like a particular lung cancer can secrete ACTH and GH

22
Q

Which of the following is a common indicator of underlying endocrine disease?
A. Ankylosing spondylitis
C. Rheumatoid arthritis
B. Periarthritis
D. Adhesive capsulitis

A

C. Rheumatoid arthritis

23
Q

Which is a rare inherited disorder causing buildup of phenylalanine in the body?
A. Phenylketonuria
B. Porphyria
C. Wilson disease
D. Metabolic bone disease

A

A. Phenylketonuria

23
Q

Which of the following is the most common cause of hyperpituitarism?
A. Pituitary adenoma
C. Pituitary carcinoma
B. Pituitary hyperplasia
D. Pituitary ablation surgery

A

A. Pituitary adenoma

23
Q
A
23
Q
A
23
Q

What serves as a signal to the physical therapist that there is a systemic origin of musculoskeletal symptoms?
A. Lack of progress in therapy
B. Muscle fatigue
C. Chest pain
D. Dyspnea at rest

A

A. Lack of progress in therapy

24
Q

What is the most common cause of SIADH?
A. Pulmonary disorders.
B. Infection
C. Oat/small cell lung carcinoma
D. Chronic kidney disease

A

C. Oat/small cell lung carcinoma

24
Q

Proximal muscle weakness with myopathy is characteristic of what endocrine disorder?
A. Graves disease
B. Acromegaly
C. Cushing syndrome
D. Conn syndrome

A

A. Graves disease

25
Q
A

PATHOLOGY (15 decks)

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