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PATHOLOGY > Cell Injury > Flashcards

Cell Injury Flashcards

1
Q

Which best describes pathogenesis?
A. Structural alterations in cells or tissues characteristic of a disease.
B. Genetic, biochemical, and structural changes in cells and tissues.
C. Structural, biochemical, and functional changes in cells that underlie disease

A

C. Structural, biochemical, and functional changes in cells that underlie disease

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2
Q

A self-regulating process by which a living cell maintain balance adjusting to changes in the external environment.

A

adaptation

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2
Q

Classified as pathologic hyperplasia.
A. post-hepatectomy hyperplasia of the live
B. pubertal breast enlargement in females
C. enlarged uterus in pregnancy
D. excessive keloid formation

A

A. post-hepatectomy hyperplasia of the live

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2
Q

Pattern of necrosis wherein tissue architecture is preserved.
A. coagulative
B. liquefactive
C. pyknosis
D. mitosis
C. fat necrosis
D. gangrenous

A

B. liquefactive

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2
Q
  1. Consistent with atrophy.
    A. occurs in cells capable of dividing
    B. a consequence of decreased workload
    C. change from one cell type to another
    D. fertile soil of malignant transformation
A

D. fertile soil of malignant transformation

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2
Q

Which adaptive change is seen in cells that are incapable of proliferation?
A. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
B. Atrophy

A

C. Metaplasia

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2
Q

Which is an oxygen-independent bactericidal mechanism?
A. respiratory burst
B. myeloperoxidase
C. lysozyme action
D. hydrogen peroxide

A

C. lysozyme action

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2
Q

Special form of necrosis usually seen in immune reactions involving blood vessels.
A. fibrinoid necr

A

Fibrinoid necrosis

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2
Q

Type of programmed cell death where the cell membrane ruptures without caspase activation?
A. apoptosis
C. necroptosis
B. necrosis
D. pyroptosis

A

C. necroptosis

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2
Q

Which chemical mediator is generally involved in opsonization?
А. СЗа
B. C5a
C. C3b
D. C5b-9

A

C. C3b

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2
Q

Nuclear change generally seen in apoptotic cell death.
A. karyolysis
B. karyorrhexis

A

A. karyolysis

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2
Q

TRUE of apoptosis.
A. lysosomal enzymes digest the cell
B. leakage of cellular contents
C. cells fragment
D. always pathologic

A

D. always pathologic

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2
Q

What is an infarct?
A. change in cell type
C. localized area of coagulative necrosis
B. an area of enlarged cells in hypertrophy
D. seen in CNS hypoxia

A

C. localized area of coagulative necrosis

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2
Q

Unidirectional movement of leukocytes to the area of injury.
A. diapedesis
B. phagocytosis
C. chemotaxis
D. opsonization

A

C. chemotaxis

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2
Q

Liquefactive necrosis is typically seen in which condition?
A. trauma to the breast fatty tissue
C. bacterial or fungal infection
B. ischemic injury to the heart

A

B. ischemic injury to the heart

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2
Q

Functio laesa refers to?

A

loss of function

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2
Q

Pattern of inflammation seen in blisters?

A

serous

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2
Q

Healing by first intent is likely in which of the following conditions?
A. there is significant loss of native tissue
C. avulsions
B. superficial abrasion
D. ulcers

A

A. there is significant loss of native tissue

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2
Q

tumor refers to?

A

Swelling of the inflamed tissue.

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2
Q

Which BEST describes the movement of leukocytes toward the site of injury?
a. involves rolling of white blood cells
b. cytokines slow down the process
c. unidirectional
d. edema fluid facilitates movement

A

c. unidirectional

2
Q

Which refers to the correct order of events in leukocyte extravasation?
A. margination, rolling, pavementing, transmigration
B. diapedesis, margination, rolling, adhesion
C. adhesion, diapedesis, rolling, margination

A

A. margination, rolling, pavementing, transmigration

2
Q

Continuously dividing cells.
a. Stable cells
b. Permanent cells
c. Labile cells
d. Quiescent cells

A
3
Q

Pathologic apoptosis.
a. apoptosis of cells that have served their purpose
b. observed in embryogenesis
c. cell death induced by cytotoxic T-cells

A

d. accumulation of misfolded proteins

3
Q

Oxygen-independent bactericidal killing.
a. hydrogen peroxide
b. lactoferrin
c. hypochlorite
d. myeloperoxidase

A

b. lactoferrin

3
Q

Why is the cellular and tissue architecture of an area of infarct preserved?
a. inflammatory cells inhibit the action of enzymes
b. proteolytic enzymes are denatured blocking its action 
c. enzymes in the blood cannot reach the tissue due to the ischemia

A

proteolytic enzymes are denatured blocking its action

3
Q

Adaptive change that results into synthesis of more structural proteins.
a. hyperplasia
b. hypertrophy
c. atrophy
d. metaplasia

A

hypertrophy

3
Q

Calcification seen in the site of tissue injury is most likely
a. Dystrophic
b. renal failure associated calcification
c. Metastatic

A

a. Dystrophic

4
Q

Which of the following is/are metaplastic changes but not brought about by cellular adaptation?
a. Myositis Ossificans
b. Squamous metaplasia of the cervix
c. Barrett Esophagus

A

a. Myositis Ossificans

4
Q

When does free radicals contribute to cell injury during free radical scavenging systems?
a. lactic acid accumulation
b. glutathione toxicity
c. in oxidative stress

A

c. in oxidative stress

5
Q

Which of the following refer to the sequence of events in the response of cells or tissues to the etiologic agent?
a. Morphologic changes
b. Clinical Manifestation
c. Pathogenesis
d. Etiology

A

c. Pathogenesis

5
Q

Tuberculous lesions are most likely to show
a. gangrene
b. abscess
c. cheese like area of necrosis
d. fibrin deposit

A

c. cheese like area of necrosis

5
Q

Programmed cell death where the cell membrane is disrupted, and caspase is not activated.
a. necroptosis
b. apoptosis
c. necrosis
d. pyroptosis

A

a. necroptosis

5
Q

Which is consistent with hyperplasia?
a. initiated by reprogramming of stem cells
b. autophagic vacuoles are involved
c. mechanical stretch serves as triggers
d. there is increased growth factors for stem cells

A

d. there is increased growth factors for stem cells

6
Q

Vasodilation and increased blood flow result into which cardinal sign of inflammation?
a. calor
b. function laesa
c. tumor
d. tumor

A

a. calor

7
Q

Which of the following is likely to be seen in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus?
a. coagulative necrosis
b. gangrenous necrosis
c. gangrenous necrosis
d. fibrinoid necrosis

A

d. fibrinoid necrosis

8
Q
A
8
Q

Which of the following is the main culprit when enzymes are activated in leading to digestion of cellualr structures
a. increased cytosolic calcium
b. activation of apoptosis
c. disruption of protein synthetic apparatus

A

a. increased cytosolic calcium

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PATHOLOGY (15 decks)

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