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PATHOLOGY > Finals: CNS & PNS > Flashcards

Finals: CNS & PNS Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following intraspinal tumor is intradural extramedullary?

A

Schwannoma

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2
Q

Which of the following tumor is most common in adults?
a. Astrocytoma
b. Medulloblastoma
c. Glioblastoma
d. Meningioma

A

a. Astrocytoma

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2
Q

Which of the following tumors in the brain can cause drop metastasis?
a. Medulloblastoma
b. Oligodendroglioma
c. Ependymoma
d. Glioblastoma multiforme

A

a. Medulloblastoma

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2
Q

A 40 year-old female underwent surgery over the parasagittal convexity of the brain and the mass showed sheets of meningothelial cells. What is the most probable diagnosis?
a. Meningioma
b. Ependymoma
c. Meningothelioma
d. Astrocytoma

A

Meningioma

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2
Q

Which of the following manifestations is/are seen in patients with acute meningitis?
a. Nausea and vomiting
b. Nuchal rigidity
c. Papilledema
d. All of these options

A

d. All of these options

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2
Q

Which of the following activities should a physical therapist avoid during the Rehabilitation Examination for post- operative care?
a. Lower the head and flex the legs
b. Bedside sit and dangle exercise
c. Passive range of motion exercise
d. Valsalva maneuver

A

d. Valsalva maneuver

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3
Q

Which of the following Glasgow Coma Scale implies the most severe brain injury?
a. 8
b. 13
c. 3
d. 12

A

c. 3

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3
Q

Which of the following drugs is administered to promote diuresis and thus prevent brain edema?
a. Corticosteroids
b. Norepinephrine
c. Immunosuppressive drugs
d. Mannitol

A

d. Mannitol

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4
Q

A physical therapist treating a patient with CNS disorder should focus on which of the following?
a. Planned intervention
b. Family of that person
c. Person with the disease
d. Disease of that person

A

c. Person with the disease

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5
Q

Which of the following cells in the brain is star-like and is the most numerous?
a. Oligodendroglia
b. Astrocytes
c. Neurons
d. Ependymal cells

A

b. Astrocytes

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6
Q

Which of the following is a CSF finding in bacterial meningitis?
a. Lymphocytic pleocytosis, increased protein, normal sugar
b. Lymphocytic pleocytosis, increased protein, decreased sugar
c. Neutrophilic pleocytosis, increased protein, decreased sugar
d. Neutrophilic pleocytosis, increased protein, normal sugar

A

c. Neutrophilic pleocytosis, increased protein, decreased sugar

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6
Q

Which of the following infectious diseases is almost always fatal and manifest as spongiform encephalopathy?
a. West Nile encephalitis
b. Brain abscess
c. Fungal meningitis
d. Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease

A

d. Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease

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7
Q

Which of the following treatment options for brain tumor is least frequently used and proven therapy?
a. Surgery
b. Immunotherapy
c. Chemotherapy
d. Radiation

A

b. Immunotherapy

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8
Q

Which of the following brain tumor arise from the arachnoid cells?
a. Meningioma
b. Schwannoma
c. Teratoma
d. Craniopharyngioma

A

a. Meningioma

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8
Q

Which of the following is effective in bringing about neuroplasticity?
a. Extensive reading
b. Nutrition
c. Exercise
d. Environmental modification

A

c. Exercise

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9
Q

Which of the following serves as a hallmark of many nervous system disorders?
a. Gliosis
b. Neuronal cell death
c. Neurofibrillary tangles
d. Intracytoplasmic inclusions

A

b. Neuronal cell death

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10
Q

Which of the following is the most physically devastating neurodegenerative disease of the brain?
a. Multiple sclerosis
b. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
c. Parkinson disease
d. Alzheirmer disease

A

b. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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10
Q

Which of the following is the critical outcome marker in patients with CNS disorder?
a. Patient+IBk-s comfort
b. Functional status
c. Attainment of cognitive skills
d. Family+IBk-s acceptance

A

b. Functional status

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11
Q

Which of the following is NOT a component of neuroprotection?
a. Exercise
b. Mindfulness
c. Environment
d. Nutrition

A

c. Environment

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12
Q

Which of the following amine neurotransmitters is decreased in Alzheimer’s disease and myasthenia gravis?
a. Serotonin
b. Glycine
c. Acetylcholine
d. GABA

A

c. Acetylcholine

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13
Q

The peripheral nerve which conducts impulse the fastest are which of the following?
a. Unmyelinated
B. Thickly myelinated
C. Thinly myelinated
D. Continuously myelinated

A

B. Thickly myelinated

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14
Q

Which of the following refers to an injury where the axon and its myelin sheath is damaged but not its connective tissue covering?
A. Neurapraxia
B. Axonotmesis
C. Neurotmesis
D. Demyelinated

A

B. Axonotmesis

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14
Q

Muscle atrophy occurs in the presence of which of the following?
A. Segmental demyelination
b. Axonaldegeneration
C. Both of the given options
D. Neither of the given options

A

b. Axonaldegeneration

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14
Q

Abnormal transision of sensation fnte the CN relayed from vistera, gands or smooth musdle ‘s associated with which of the following involvement?
A Motor ANS
B. Sensory ANS
C. Sensory motor unit

A

B. Sensory ANS

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15
Q

Disc herniation, L4-L5 and L6-51 levels, is the most common cause of which of this form of radiculopathy?
A. Bell palsy
B. Pseudotumor
Morton neuroma
D. Sciatica

A

D. Sciatica

16
Q

A 58 years old male sought consult because of a left-sided facial paralysis noted on waking up. He has an asymmetrical facial appearance with flattened nasolabial fold and widened palpebral fissure. What is the most probable etiology of the condition?
A. Immune antibody
B. Reactivation of a latent viral infection
c. Entrapment of the facial nerve
D. Encephalitis

A

B. Reactivation of a latent viral infection

16
Q

Which of the following conditions is an autoimmune disease characterized by rapidly ascending symmetric motor weakness and distal sensory impairment?
A. Charcot-Marie-Toot
B. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
C. Guillain-Barre Syndrome
3. Myasthenia Gravis

A

C. Guillain-Barre Syndrome

16
Q

Among the different pattern of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, which one is associated with axonal degeneration?
A. CMTIA
B. CMT1B
C. CMT1C
D. CMTZ

A

B. CMT1B

17
Q

The PNS changes associated with aging include which of the following?
A. Thinned out perineurium and epineurium
B, Increased cross-sectional area
C. Altered axonal myelination resulting in slowed conduction
D. Loss of motor unit causing increased strength

A

C. Altered axonal myelination resulting in slowed conduction

18
Q

Repetitive motion injuries involving hands and digits due to repeated typing and playing of instruments can lead to compression injury to which of the following nerves?
A. Radial
B. Median
C. Ulnar

A

B. Median

18
Q

Nerve conduction study is best used for which of the following PNS abnormality?
A. Compression neuropathy
8. Polyneuropathy
C. Myelinopathy

A

A. Compression neuropathy

18
Q

Which of the following electromyographic tracing is indicative of denervated muscles?
A. Decreased firing
8) Asynchronous firing with multiphasic or complex pattern
C. Positive sharp waves and fibrillation potnetials
D. No spontaneous electrical activity

A

C. Positive sharp waves and fibrillation potnetials

19
Q

Temporary failure of nerve conduction in the absence of structural changes due to blunt injury is called which of the following?
Axonotmesis
B. Neurapraxia
C. Neurotmesis

A

B. Neurapraxia

19
Q

Glove and stocking distribution of sensory loss is usually seen in which of the following form of neuropathy?
A. Mononeuropathy
B. Polyneuropathy

A

B. Polyneuropathy

19
Q

Disc herniation, L4-L5 and L6-51 levels, is the most common cause of which of this form of radiculopathy?
A. Bell palsy
B. Pseudotumor
Morton neuroma
D. Sciatica

A

D. Sciatica

20
Q

Which of the following conditions manifest as distal weakness, flaccidity and cramping?
A. Motor neuropathy
B. Sensory neuropathy
C. Myopathy
C. Motor ANS involvement

A

A. Motor neuropathy

20
Q

To reduce pain and s welling due to overuse syndrome, therapists advocate which of the following?
A. Splinting
B. Biomechanics
C.icing
D. Long breaks

A

C.icing

20
Q

Adison Test is used to diagnese which of the folowing compresion/entrapment syndrome
Carpal Tunnel syndrome
B. Saturday night palsy
C. Thoracic outlet syndrome
D. Ulnar nerve entrapment

A

C. Thoracic outlet syndrome

20
Q

Which of the following intraspinal tumor is intradural extramedullary?
a. Metastatic tumors
b. Schwannoma
c. Ependymoma
d. Chordoma

A

b. Schwannoma

20
Q

Infiltration of the meninges and CSF pathways of the CNS by neoplastic cells is known as which of the following?
a. Drop metastasis
b. Paraneoplastic syndrome
c. Distant metastasis
d. Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis

A

d. Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis

21
Q

Which of the following intraspinal tumor is extradural extramedullary?
a. Chordoma
b. Metastatic tumors
c. Ependymoma
d. Schwannoma

A

b. Metastatic tumors

22
Q

What is the method of choice for the diagnosis of intraspinal tumor?
a. Lumbar puncture
b. CT scan
c. MRI
d. Plain films

A

c. MRI

23
Q

Which of the following parts is the most common site of metastasis to the brain?
a. Brainstem
b. Cerebellum
c. Parietal and frontal lobes
d. Occipital and temporal lobes

A

c. Parietal and frontal lobes

23
Q

Which of the following refers to an injury where the axon is completely transected together with its connective tissue coverings causing paralysis and atrophy of muscles?
a. Neurotmesis
b. Neurapraxia
c. Axonotmesis
d. Demyelinated

A

a. Neurotmesis

24
Q

Which of the following electromyographic tracing is indicative of axon damage?
a. No spontaneous electrical activity
b. Asynchronous firing with multiphasic or complex pattern
c. Decreased firing
d. Positive sharp waves

A

b. Asynchronous firing with multiphasic or complex pattern

24
Q

Very severe injury to the CNS will result to which of the following outcomes:
A Passive process of necrosis
B. Active process of apoptosis
C. Gliosis or scarring

A

A Passive process of necrosis

24
Q

Neuroprotection encompasses which of the following components?
A. Environment, exercise and nutrition
B. Exercise, nutrition and mindfulness
C. Mindfulness, nutrition and environment
D. Environment, nutrition, and exercise

A

B. Exercise, nutrition and mindfulness

24
Q

Which of the following cells in the brain communicate to one another in order to process sensory information, program motor and emotional responses, and store information through memory?
A. Astrocytes
B. Oligodendroglia
C. Ependymal cells
D. Neurons

A

D. Neurons

24
Q

Which of the following amino acid neurotransmitters is more active in the spinal cord than in the brain?
A. Serotonin
B. Glycine
C. Acetylcholine
D. GABA

A

B. Glycine

24
Q

Which of the following is the process by which the brain encodes new experiences and learns new behavior?
A. Neurogenesis
B. Neuroplasticity
C. Neuroprotection

A

A. Neurogenesis

24
Q

What is the critical outcome marker for a physical therapist dealing with CNS disorder?
A. Planned intervention
B. Comfort of the patient with the disease
C. Functional status
D. Speed of motion and cognitive skills

A

C. Functional status

25
Q

Which of the following is effective in bringing about neuroplasticity?
A Exercise
B. Environmental modification
C. Extensive reading

A

A Exercise

25
Q

Autopsy of the brain revealed meningeal inflammation, basal exudates, vasculitis and hydrocephalus. Which of the following would be your diagnosis?
A Bacterial meningitis
B. Encephalitis
C. Tuberculous meningitis

A

C. Tuberculous meningitis

26
Q

Which of the following is a sign of meningeal irritation characterized by flexion of the hips and knee on flexion of the neck?
a. Brudzinski
B. Kernig
C. Tinel
D. Phallen

A

a. Brudzinski

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A
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PATHOLOGY (15 decks)

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