Oncology Flashcards
Epithelial tumours
Less invasive, low surgical dose for removal, if malignant develops mesenchymal characteristics
Papilloma, squamous cell carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma, adenoma, adenocarcinoma
Mesenchymal tumour
Connective tissue/bone, local invasion, metastatic
Fibroma/fibrosarcoma, osteoma/osteosarcoma, haemangioma/haemangiosarcoma, lipoma/liposarcoma, chondroma/chondrosarcoma
Round cell tumour
Cells of immune system, respond to chemotherapy
Lymphoma, mast cell tumour, plasma cell tumour, histiocytic sarcoma
Types of surgical excision
Radical (entire leg etc.)
Curative intent (2-3cm lateral margins and one fascial plane)
Marginal (whole mass within capsule, follow with other treatment)
Cytoreductive (palliative)
Diagnostic approach to tumours
FNA/cytology (easy, conscious)
Biopsy/histology (more tissue, GA/sedation)
Staging tumours
Assessment of primary tumour and where it has spread
T-M-N (Tumour, lymph Node, Metastasis)
1) small and superficial
2) large or deep
3) large and deep
4) any tumour with nodal or distant metastasis
Grading tumours
Features of tumour on cytology/histopathology that allow predictions to be made about tumour behaviour
High grade: higher mitotic count, poorly differentiated, locally invasive, nuclear/cellular atypia, necrosis
Neoplasia pathophysiology
Functional (pain/obstruction/compression)
Bleeding/effusions
Infection
Paraneoplastic syndromes
Paraneoplastic syndromes
Hypercalcaemia
Hyperviscosity of blood (high blood pressure, poor perfusion)
Hormone production
Mast cell tumours: histamine (anaphlaxis) and heparin (bleed in surgery)
Do T or B cell lymphoma have a better prognosis with chemotherapy?
B (high Doxorubicin sensitivity)
CHOP
C Cycophosphamide
H Doxorubicin
O Vincristine
P Prednisolone
Steroids in lymphoma treatment
Do not give before diagnosis/decision to treat as it increases P-glycoprotein on cells and reduces affect of chemotherapy
Steroid therapy increases life span for ~2m for palliative care
