Feline Idiopathic Megacolon

Question 1

Clinical signs of feline idiopathic megacolon

Answer 1

Recurrent constipation

Question 2

Why does recurrent constipation occur in in feline idiopathic constipation?

Answer 2

Dilation of colon
Hypomotility of colon (peristalsis not working)
Still eating

Question 3

What type of cat is more predisposed to feline idiopathic megacolon?

Answer 3

Pedigree

Question 4

Diagnosis of feline idiopathic megacolon

Answer 4

Palpate faecal matter in colon
Radiograph (1.5x length of 7th lumbar vertebrae)

Question 5

Is the loss of structure and function in feline idiopathic megacolon temporary or permanent?

Answer 5

Permanent

Question 6

Causes of feline megacolon

Answer 6

Idiopathic
Pelvic fracture
Sacral spinal deformity
Aganglionosis

Question 7

Medical treatment of feline idiopathic megacolon

Answer 7

Laxatives (oral, lactulose/paraffin)
Enemas (GA, soapy water/lubricant)
High fibre feed (after emptying colon)

Question 8

Surgical treatment of feline idiopathic megacolon

Answer 8

Subtotal colectomy (remove colon from end of rectum preserving anocolic junction to preserve renal function)
Removes ability to remove water from stool so produce liquid faeces
High risk of infection (colon: ++ bacteria)
Antibiotics: cephalosporins/metronidazole
Prolonged lag phase of healing and high intraluminal pressures increasing risk of dehiscence

Question 9

Should you perform a preoperative enema in subtotal colectomy?

Answer 9

No