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Nursing 202 > Older Adults > Flashcards

Older Adults Flashcards

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1
Q

Subgroups of late adulthood:

A

Young old – 65 to 74 years
Middle old – 75 to 84 years
Old old – 85 to 99 years
Elite old – 100 years +

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2
Q

ageism:

A

which is discrimination against people because of increasing age.

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3
Q

Older adult Stereotypes:

A

Ill, disabled, and unattractive
Forgetful, confused, rigid, boring, and unfriendly
Unable to learn and understand new information
Not interested in sex or sexual activities

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4
Q

Stochastic theory:

A

view aging as the result of random cellular damage that occurs over time

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5
Q

Nonstochastic theory:

A

view aging as the result of genetically programmed physiological mechanisms within the body that control the process of aging

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6
Q

Disengagement theory:

A

states that aging individuals withdraw from customary roles and engage in more introspective, self focused activities

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7
Q

Activity theory:

A

considers the continuation of activities performed during middle age as necessary for successful aging

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8
Q

Continuity or developmental theory:

A

personality remains stable and behavior becomes more predictable as people age

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9
Q

Gerotranscendence:

A

older adult experiences a shift in perspective with age

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10
Q

Biological theories:

A
  • Stochastic or nonstochastic

- Wear-and-Tear

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11
Q

Psychosocial theories:

A
  • Disengagement
  • Activity
  • Continuity or developmental
  • Gerotranscendence
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12
Q

Older Adult Interview Techniques:

A
  • Sit or stand at eye level, in front of the patient in full view
  • Face them while speaking, do not cover mouth, speak clearly
  • Provide diffuse, bright, nonglare lighting
  • Encourage use of familiar assistive devices such as glasses or magnifiers
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13
Q

Health Issues:

A 
Decreased nutrition & hydration
Decreased mobility
Stress & loss
Accidents
Drug use & misuse
Mental health/ cognition problems (including substance abuse)
Elder neglect & abuse
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14
Q

Some mental changes are often

A

drug related, caused by drug toxicity or adverse drug events.

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15
Q

Functional Changes are usually linked to

A

illness or to disease and degree of chronicity.

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16
Q

What are your best resources for a comprehensive assessment?

A

Occupational and physical therapists

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17
Q

Delirium definition:

A

Acute confusional state

-Hyperactive, hypoactive, mixed hypoactive

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18
Q

Dementia:

A

Generalized impairment of intellectual functioning

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19
Q

Depression:

A

A mood disturbance characterized by feelings of sadness and despair

20
Q

Causes of delirium:

A

Drug therapy Infections Fecal impaction/ diarrhea
Electrolyte imbalance Surgery Metabolic problems
Neurologic Circulatory, renal, pulmonary Nutritional
Hypoxemia relocation major loss

21
Q

Assessment tools for Delirium:

A

Confusion Assessment Method

22
Q

Psychosocial Changes:

A 
Retirement
Social isolation
Sexuality
Housing and environment
Death
23
Q

Health Promotion Preventive Measures:

A 
Participation in screening activities 
Regular exercise
Weight reduction, if overweight
Eating a low-fat, well-balanced diet
Moderate alcohol use
Regular dental visits
Smoking cessation
Immunizations
24
Q

Therapeutic communication:

A

skills that enable you to perceive and respect the older adult’s uniqueness and health care expectations

25
Q

Touch:

A

therapeutic tool to help comfort older adults

26
Q

Reality orientation:

A

makes an older adult more aware of time, place, and sense of reality

27
Q

Validation therapy:

A

alternative approach to communication with a confused older adult

28
Q

Reminiscence:

A

recalling the past, enjoy sharing past experiences

29
Q

Body image interventions:

A
  • influences body image and feelings of isolation
  • help with grooming and hygiene
  • Control ordors
  • wrinkled hand= lifetime of hard work
30
Q

Acute care settings pose risks for adverse events:

A 
Delirium
Dehydration
Malnutrition
Health care–associated infections
Urinary incontinence
Falls
Restraints
31
Q

Types of ongoing care:

A

Continues recovery from acute illness

Addresses chronic conditions that affect daily functioning

32
Q

Goal for older adults and restorative care:

A

To regain or improve prior level of independence, ADLs, instrumental ADLs (IADLs)

33
Q

Common changes for Integument:

A
  • Loss of skin elasticity
  • Loss of fat loss in extremities
  • Pigmentation changes
  • Glandular atrophy
  • thinning hair
  • slower nail growth
34
Q

Respiratory:

A
  • decreased cough reflex
  • decreased cilia
  • increased chest diameter
  • increased chest wall rigidity
  • increase airway resistance
  • increase risk of respiratory infections
35
Q

Cardiovascular:

A

Thickening of blood vessel walls, narrowing vessel lumen

  • lower cardiac output
  • increased systolic pressure
36
Q

Gastrointestinal:

A 
Periodontal disease
decreased saliva
gastric secretions
increased stomach pH
Impaired rectal sensation  
decreased motility
37
Q

Musculoskeletal:

A

decreased muscle mass and strength
decalcification of bones
degenerative joint changes
dehydration of invertebrate disks

38
Q

Neurological:

A

degeneration of nerve cells
decrease in neurotransmitters
decrease in rate of conduction of impulses

39
Q

Sensory eyes:

A 
decreased near/far vision
difficulty adjusting to changes from light to dark
Yellowing of the lens 
Altered color perception
Increased sensitivity to glare
Smaller pupils
40
Q

Ears:

A

loss of acuity for high frequency tones

buildup of ear wax

41
Q

Taste:

A

often diminished or fewer taste buds

42
Q

Smell:

A

often diminished

43
Q

Proprioception:

A

decreased awareness of body positioning in space

44
Q

Genitourinary:

A 
fewer nephrons
50% decrease in renal flow by age 80
decreased bladder capacity
male- enlarged prostate
female - reduced sphincter tone
45
Q

Reproductive:

A

male- sperm count diminishes, smaller testes, erections less firm and slow to develop
female- decreased estrogen, degeneration of ovaries, atrophy of vagina, uterus, breasts

46
Q

Endocrine:

A

General: alterations in hormone production with decreased ability to respond to stress
Thyroid: decreased secretions
Cortisol: increased antiinflammatory hormone
Pancreas: increased fibrosis, decreased secretion of enzymes and hormones

47
Q

Immune system:

A

thymus involution

T-cell function decreases

Nursing 202 (20 decks)

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