Mobility and Immobility

Question 1

Nature of Movement

Answer 1

Body Mechanics
Alignment and balance
Gravity
Friction

Question 2

Skeletal system Provides what:

Answer 2

• Provides attachments for muscles and ligaments and protects vital organs
• Provides leverage for movement
• Bones are long, short, flat, or irregular.

Question 3

Coordination and regulation of muscle groups depend on

Answer 3

muscle tone; activity of antagonistic, synergistic, and antigravity muscles; and neural input to muscles

Question 4

Skeletal System includes:

Answer 4

Joints connect bones.
Four classifications: synostic (bone to bone ex. coxxyx),
fibrous, cartilaginous (hardens - rib cage) and synovial. and

Ligaments bind joints together and connect bones and cartilage.
Tendons connect muscles to bone.
Cartilage is a supportive tissue.
Muscle movement and posture
Muscle regulation of posture and movement

Question 5

Nervous System includes:

Answer 5

Regulates movement and posture
Motor fibers from the right motor strip initiate voluntary movement for the left side of the body.
Motor fibers from the left motor strip initiate voluntary movement for the right side of the body.

Question 6

Pathological Influences on Mobility:

Answer 6

Postural abnormalities
Impaired muscle development
Damage to central nervous system (CNS)
Musculoskeletal trauma

Question 7

Safe Patient Handling:

Answer 7

Ergonomics assessment protocol 
Patient assessment criteria
Algorithms for patient handling and movement 
Special equipment 
Back injury resource nurses
“After-action review”
No-lift policy

Question 8

Factors Influencing mobility/Immobility:

Answer 8

mobility
immobility
bed rest

Question 9

Systemic Effects of immobility:

Answer 9

Metabolic
Respiratory
Cardiovascular
Musculoskeletal changes
Muscle effects
Skeletal effects
Integumentary

Question 10

Metabolic

Answer 10

Endocrine, calcium absorption, and GI function

-weight loss, decrease muscle breakdown

Question 11

Respiratory

Answer 11

Atelectasis and hypostatic pneumonia

Question 12

Cardiovascular

Answer 12

Orthostatic hypotension
Thrombus formation
Increased cardiac workload
Increase in calve veins - DVT

Question 13

Musculoskeletal changes

Answer 13

Muscle: loss of endurance and muscle mass and decreased stability and balance, weakness/atrophy
Skeletal: Disuse osteoporosis
Joint contracture

Question 14

Muscle effects

Answer 14

Loss of muscle mass

Muscle atrophy

Question 15

Skeletal effects

Answer 15

Impaired calcium absorption

Joint abnormalities

Question 16

Urinary elimination

Answer 16

Urinary stasis
Renal calculi
-function through gravity

Question 17

Integumentary

Answer 17

Pressure ulcer
Ischemia & Inflammation
-older adults at greater risk and impaired immobility

Question 18

Urinary Elimination Changes

Answer 18

Urinary stasis
Renal calculi
Infection

Question 19

Psychosocial Effects:

Answer 19

• Emotional and behavioral responses: Hostility, giddiness, fear, anxiety
• Sensory alterations: Altered sleep patterns
• Changes in coping: Depression, sadness, dejection

Question 20

Nursing Diagnosis:

Answer 20

Impaired physical mobility
Ineffective airway clearance
Risk for injury
Insomnia
Risk for disuse syndrome
Ineffective coping
Risk for impaired skin integrity
Social isolation

Question 21

Safety Guidelines

Answer 21

Communicate clearly.
Mentally review transfer steps.
Assess patient mobility and strength.
Determine assistance needed.
Raise side rail on opposite side of bed.
Arrange equipment.
Evaluate body alignment.
Understand use of equipment.
Educate patient.

Question 22

Loss of appetite because of

Answer 22

certain drugs and immobility

Question 23

Erikson’s Stages

Answer 23

Influences body alignment and immobility

-Integrity vs. Despair

Question 24

Mobility Assessment:

Answer 24

• Gait
• Exercise (physical activity for conditioning the body, improving health, and maintaining fitness)
• Activity tolerance
• Body alignment