Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance Flashcards
Fluid:
water that contains dissolved or suspended substances such as glucose, mineral salts, and proteins
ECF:
Extracellular fluid: outside the cells
ICF:
Intacellular fluid: inside the cells
ECF has 2 major divisions, and 1 minor division:
Major:
1. Intravascular fluid: liquid portion of blood
2. Interstitial fluid: between cells and outside blood vessels
Minor:
1. Transcellular fluids: secreted by epithelial cells-cerebrospinal, pleural, peritoneal, and synovial fluids
ECF Contains
Sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate
Albumin (intravas)
Gastric and intestinal secretions (trans)
ICF Cations and Anions:
C: Potassium and magnesium
A: phosphate
Osmolality of a fluid is a
measure of particles per kilogram of water
Normal value range for Osmolality:
280-300 mOsm/kg H2O
Normal range for Sodium:
136-145 mEq/L
Normal range for Potassium:
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Normal range for Chloride:
98-106 mEq/L
Normal range for Bicarbonate (HCO3):
22-26 mEq/L
Normal range for calcium:
8.5-10 mg/dL
Normal range for magnesium:
1.5-2.5 mEq/L
Normal range for Anion gap:
5-11 mEq/L
Normal range for pH:
7.35-7.45
Normal range for PaCO2 (Arterial blood gases):
35-45 mm Hg
Normal range for Arterial blood gases PaO2:
80-100 mm Hg
Normal range for Arterial blood gases O2 Sat:
95-100%
Brain Natriuretic peptide:
determine presence of heart failure with fluid excess
Evaluation for patients who have congestive heart failure 0-100
Isotonic:
Use 5% dextrose in water
fluid with the same concentration of nonpermeant particles as normal blood
Hypotonic:
45% normal solution
more dilute than the blood
Hypertonic:
5% dextrose in normal saline, 10% dextrose in water, lactated ringers
more concentrated than normal blood
Active transport:
cells maintain their high intracellular electrolyte concentration
ATP moves electrolytes across cell membranes against the concentration gradient
Ex. Sodium potassium pump: Na out and K in