Inflammation and Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Self versus non self proteins

A

Non self: infected body cells, cancer cells, cells from other people, and invading organisms
Self: immune system cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Self tolerance:

A

recognizing self vs non self to prevent healthy cells from being destroyed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Human leukocyte antigens (HLAs):

A

surface proteins that are specific to that person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Antigens:

A

proteins capable of stimulating an immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Immunity changes due to a person’s

A

nutritional status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The bone marrow products immature undifferentiated cells called

A

stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

3 processes needed for human protection through immunity:

A
  1. Inflammation
  2. Antibody mediated immunity (AMI)
  3. Cell-mediated immunity (CMI)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Inflammation differs from AMI and CMI in 2 ways:

A
  1. Inflammation protection is immediate but short term - does not provide true immunity
  2. Is a nonspecific body defense to invasion or injury and can be started quickly by almost any event
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Inflammation can occur without

A

infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Neutrophils:

A

55%
Mature cells are capable of phagocytosis
Nonspecific protection against organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Absolute neutrophil count ANC:

A

measures a patient’s risk for infection: the higher the number, the greater resistance to infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

left shift or bandemia:

A

the segmented neutrophil (far right) is no longer the most numerous type of circulating neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Macrophages:

A

Located mainly: in the liver, spleen, and intestinal tract
-Immediate imflammatory response and also stimulate the longer-lasting immune responses of AMI and CMI
Functions: phagocytosis, repair, antigen presenting/processing, and secretion of cytokines for immune system control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Basophils:

A

1%
Acts on blood vessels with basophil chemicals which include heparin, histamine, serotonin, kinins, and leukotrienes
-Immunoglobulin E
Functions: stimulates both general inflammation and inflammation of allergy and hypersensitivity reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Eosinophils:

A

1-2%
Functions: very active against infestations of parasitic larvae and also limits inflammatory reactions
-allergic response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tissue mast cells:

A

Come from different parent cell than leukocytes and do not circulate as mature cells
-Important roles in maintaining and prolonging inflammatory and hypersensitivity reactions

17
Q

Phagocytosis:

A

the engulfing and destruction of invaders,which also rids the body of debris after tissue injury

18
Q

5 cardinal manifestations of inflammation:

A
Warmth
Redness
Swelling
Pain
Decreased function
-timing might overlap
19
Q

3 stage sequence of inflammation: Stage 1

A

The vascular part of the inflammatory response that first involves changes in blood vessels
-Blood flow to the area increases (hyperemia) and swelling (edema) forms at the site of injury

20
Q

3 stage sequence of inflammation: Stage 2

A
The cellular exudate part of the response 
Neutrophilia occurs (increased number of circulating neutrophils)
21
Q

3 stage sequence of inflammation: Stage 3

A

Features tissue repair and replacement

Completed last but begins at the time of the injury

22
Q

7 steps of phagocytosis:

A
  1. Exposure and invasion
  2. Attraction
  3. Adherence
  4. Recognition
  5. Cellular ingestion
  6. Phagosome formation
  7. Degradation
23
Q
  1. Exposure and invasion:
A

the body is invaded and leukocytes are present

24
Q
  1. Attraction
A

WBCs come in direct contact with target

damaged tissues secret chemotaxins and they bring neutrophils and macrophages

25
Q
  1. Adherence
A

Allow phagocytic cell to bind to the surface of the target

26
Q
  1. Recognition
A

when the phagocytic cell sticks to the target cell and recognizes it as non self

27
Q
  1. Cellular ingestion
A

phagocytic destruction occurs inside cell

28
Q
  1. Phagosome formation
A

phagocyte’s granules break and release enzymes that attack the ingested target

29
Q
  1. Degradation
A

enzymes in phagosome digest the engulfed target