Inflammation and Immunity Flashcards
Self versus non self proteins
Non self: infected body cells, cancer cells, cells from other people, and invading organisms
Self: immune system cells
Self tolerance:
recognizing self vs non self to prevent healthy cells from being destroyed
Human leukocyte antigens (HLAs):
surface proteins that are specific to that person
Antigens:
proteins capable of stimulating an immune response
Immunity changes due to a person’s
nutritional status
The bone marrow products immature undifferentiated cells called
stem cells
3 processes needed for human protection through immunity:
- Inflammation
- Antibody mediated immunity (AMI)
- Cell-mediated immunity (CMI)
Inflammation differs from AMI and CMI in 2 ways:
- Inflammation protection is immediate but short term - does not provide true immunity
- Is a nonspecific body defense to invasion or injury and can be started quickly by almost any event
Inflammation can occur without
infection
Neutrophils:
55%
Mature cells are capable of phagocytosis
Nonspecific protection against organisms
Absolute neutrophil count ANC:
measures a patient’s risk for infection: the higher the number, the greater resistance to infection
left shift or bandemia:
the segmented neutrophil (far right) is no longer the most numerous type of circulating neutrophils
Macrophages:
Located mainly: in the liver, spleen, and intestinal tract
-Immediate imflammatory response and also stimulate the longer-lasting immune responses of AMI and CMI
Functions: phagocytosis, repair, antigen presenting/processing, and secretion of cytokines for immune system control
Basophils:
1%
Acts on blood vessels with basophil chemicals which include heparin, histamine, serotonin, kinins, and leukotrienes
-Immunoglobulin E
Functions: stimulates both general inflammation and inflammation of allergy and hypersensitivity reactions
Eosinophils:
1-2%
Functions: very active against infestations of parasitic larvae and also limits inflammatory reactions
-allergic response