Old age & Dementia

Question 1

Biological changes in old age x4

Answer 1

Sensory deficits
Reduction in brain volume
Reduction in grey matter
Reduced cerebral blood flow

Question 2

How are they elderly assets x4

Answer 2

Family
Wisdom
Admired
Valued

Question 2

How the elderly vulnerable x5

Answer 2

Poverty
Loss
Loneliness
Disability or illness
Abuse or exploitation

Question 3

Name 3 beside cognitive assessment

Answer 3

Mini MSE
MOCA
4AT

Question 4

Components of the mini MSE x5

Answer 4

Orientation
Registration
Attention and calculation
Recall
Language

Question 5

Some organic disorders in old age x2

Answer 5

Dementia and delirium

Question 6

Components of a MOCA x8

Answer 6

Visuospatial/ executive
Naming
Memory
Language
Attention
Abstraction
Delayed recall
Orientation

Question 7

Domains of cognition x6

Answer 7

Memory
Attention
Language
Executive function
Social cognition
Perceptual motor function

Question 8

The 5 As of dementia

Answer 8

Amnesia
Aphasia
Agnosia
Apraxia
And behavioral and personality changes

Question 9

General clinical features of dementia x5

Answer 9

Memory impairment
Impaired executive functioning
Social withdrawal
Personality change
Disinhibition

Question 10

5 behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia

Answer 10

Agitation
Aggression
Hallucinations
Delusions
Mood changes

Question 11

Management of dementia x5

Answer 11

Treat underlying condition
Reorientation
Redirect their thoughts
Stimulating activities
Correct sensory deficits

Question 12

Causes of neurocognitive disorder ie dementia x7

Answer 12

Alzheimer’s disease
Vascular disease
Frontotemporal dementia
Lewy body disease
HIV
Substance/medication induced
Parkinson’s disease

Question 13

Risk factors of Alzheimer’s disease x5

Answer 13

Female gender
Down syndrome
Cardiovascular disease
Previous head trauma
Low educational level

Question 14

Proteins involved in pathophysiology of dementia x2

Answer 14

Beta Amyloid > extracellular plaques
Tau proteins > intracellular Neurofibrillary tangles

Question 15

Features of Az dementia on CT x4

Answer 15

Atrophy
Enlarged ventricles
Cortical neuronal loss
Hippocampal neuronal loss

Question 16

Drug classes x2 for treatment of Az and examples

Answer 16

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors eg
NMDA receptor antagonists eg Memantine

Question 17

3 features of lewy body dementia

Answer 17

Parkinsonism
Fluctuating
Visual hallucinations

Question 18

Pathophysiology of lewy body dementia

Answer 18

Presence of abnormally phosphorylated proteins in the cortex and substantia nigra ie Ubiquitin

Question 19

Risks for people with dementia

Answer 19

Fires
Falls
Aggression
Wandering off
Financial vulnerability

Question 20

Features suggestive of pseudodementia x4

Answer 20

Depressed mood
History of depression
Negative cognitions
I don’t know responses

Question 21

Treatment of depression in old age x4

Answer 21

SSRIs
TCAs
ECT
CBT

Question 22

Define paraphrenia

Answer 22

Late onset schizophrenia with prominent paranoid delusions with or without hallucinations w/o change in affect

Question 23

What is the body’s effect on pharmacology in old age x5

Answer 23

Increased fat composition, less muscle and water
Decreased protein binding capacity
Decreased hepatic blood flow and metabolism
Decreased renal blood flow and clearance
Decreased GIT blood flow

Question 24

Anticholinergic side effects x4

Answer 24

Blurred vision
Dry mouth
Constipation
Decreased urine production