Old age & Dementia Flashcards
Biological changes in old age x4
Sensory deficits
Reduction in brain volume
Reduction in grey matter
Reduced cerebral blood flow
How are they elderly assets x4
Family
Wisdom
Admired
Valued
How the elderly vulnerable x5
Poverty
Loss
Loneliness
Disability or illness
Abuse or exploitation
Name 3 beside cognitive assessment
Mini MSE
MOCA
4AT
Components of the mini MSE x5
Orientation
Registration
Attention and calculation
Recall
Language
Some organic disorders in old age x2
Dementia and delirium
Components of a MOCA x8
Visuospatial/ executive
Naming
Memory
Language
Attention
Abstraction
Delayed recall
Orientation
Domains of cognition x6
Memory
Attention
Language
Executive function
Social cognition
Perceptual motor function
The 5 As of dementia
Amnesia
Aphasia
Agnosia
Apraxia
And behavioral and personality changes
General clinical features of dementia x5
Memory impairment
Impaired executive functioning
Social withdrawal
Personality change
Disinhibition
5 behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia
Agitation
Aggression
Hallucinations
Delusions
Mood changes
Management of dementia x5
Treat underlying condition
Reorientation
Redirect their thoughts
Stimulating activities
Correct sensory deficits
Causes of neurocognitive disorder ie dementia x7
Alzheimer’s disease
Vascular disease
Frontotemporal dementia
Lewy body disease
HIV
Substance/medication induced
Parkinson’s disease
Risk factors of Alzheimer’s disease x5
Female gender
Down syndrome
Cardiovascular disease
Previous head trauma
Low educational level
Proteins involved in pathophysiology of dementia x2
Beta Amyloid > extracellular plaques
Tau proteins > intracellular Neurofibrillary tangles
Features of Az dementia on CT x4
Atrophy
Enlarged ventricles
Cortical neuronal loss
Hippocampal neuronal loss
Drug classes x2 for treatment of Az and examples
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors eg
NMDA receptor antagonists eg Memantine
3 features of lewy body dementia
Parkinsonism
Fluctuating
Visual hallucinations
Pathophysiology of lewy body dementia
Presence of abnormally phosphorylated proteins in the cortex and substantia nigra ie Ubiquitin
Risks for people with dementia
Fires
Falls
Aggression
Wandering off
Financial vulnerability
Features suggestive of pseudodementia x4
Depressed mood
History of depression
Negative cognitions
I don’t know responses
Treatment of depression in old age x4
SSRIs
TCAs
ECT
CBT
Define paraphrenia
Late onset schizophrenia with prominent paranoid delusions with or without hallucinations w/o change in affect
What is the body’s effect on pharmacology in old age x5
Increased fat composition, less muscle and water
Decreased protein binding capacity
Decreased hepatic blood flow and metabolism
Decreased renal blood flow and clearance
Decreased GIT blood flow
Anticholinergic side effects x4
Blurred vision
Dry mouth
Constipation
Decreased urine production
