Anxiety Disorders Flashcards
Differentiate between fear and anxiety
Fear is negative emotional state due to current events and Anxiety is negative emotional state due to anticipatory events
State 3 neurotransmitters involved in anxiety
Serotonin
Adrenaline
GABA
Describe general anxiety disorder
Excessive anxiety and worry of multiple events for most days for at least 6 months
BESKIM
Blank mind
Easily fatigued
Sleep disturbance
Keyed up
Irritable
Muscle tension
Describe GAD worries x5
Excessive
Pronounced
Prolonged
Pervasive ie spreading
Interferes with functioning
Differential diagnosis for anxiety x5
OCD
PTSD
Affective disorder
Psychotic disorder
Organic/substance induced
Define agoraphobia
Fear of situations where escaping may be difficult or help may not be available if panic symptoms occur
First and second line treatment of GAD and one side effect for each
SSRI- paroxetine, sexual dysfunction
SNRI- duloxetine, elevated BPs
Pharmacological treatment for anxiety x5
SSRI
SNRI
Anxiolytics
Benzodiazepines
Tricyclic antidepressants
Criteria A of agoraphobia x5
Marked anxiety or fear in 2/more of :
1. Using public transport
2. Standing in a line or crowd
3. Being in open spaces
4. Being in enclosed spaces
5. being outside of home
3 differentials for agoraphobia
Panic attacks
Social phobia
Separation anxiety
Management of agoraphobia x3
- SSRIs
- CBT to help patient challenge their thoughts
- Exposure therapy
Management of panic disorders x4
SSRI
SNRI
CBT
Beta blockers in acute attack
Describe the 5 factors that make up criteria A of separation anxiety
- Excessive worry about anticipatory separation from of an attachment figure
- Excessive worry about experiencing untoward event
- Fear of leaving the house
- Fear of being alone without attachment figures at home
- persistent and excessive worry about losing major attachment figures
Risk factors of separation anxiety x4
Changing schools
Death of a parent
Divorce of parents
Parental overprotection
Management of separation anxiety disorder on children x3
Family therapy; parent child interaction therapy
CBT -exposure therapy
SSRI- Fluoxetine
Cognitive symptoms associated with a panic attack x3
Fear of dying
Depersonalization
Fear of losing control
Differential diagnosis for separation anxiety disorder x5
Generalized anxiety disorder
Social anxiety disorder
Panic disorder
Agoraphobia
Bereavement
DSM 5 Criteria for social phobia x10
a. Excessive fear or anxiety about 1/more social situation
b. Fear of being negatively judged
c. Social situation must always provoke anxiety
d. Social situations are avoided or endured with intense fear
e. Fear or anxiety is out of proportion
f. Period of 6m
g. Functional impairment and distress
h. Not due to substances
i. Not due to mental disorder
j. Not due to medical condition
Management of social anxiety disorder x5
Pharm-B blockers and Antidepressants
Non pharm:
Relaxation training
Social skills
Integrated exposure methods
Which ADs have onset in middle childhood x2
Specific phobia
Separation anxiety
Which ADs have onset in middle (1) and late (adolescent)
Middle- social anxiety disorder
Late- agoraphobia, panic disorder
Characteristics of anxiety AD x4
Excessive
Out of proportion
Persistent and prolonged
Causing functional impairment
Which genes increase susceptibility for AD x2
Serotonin transporter gene
Gene for HPA axis
How does epigenetics cause AD x3
Hypermethylation> gene suppression> Increased stress vulnerability
Describe a neurotic personality
The tendency when faced with ambiguous sensations to interpret them as threatening
Risk factors of separation anxiety disorder x2
Attachment disorders
Traumatic experiences
