Normal development Flashcards
3 factors influencing development
Constitutional ie genetics
Environmental
Disability
Problems in the child in the first year of life x5
Premature birth
Difficult delivery
Crying a lot
Difficult to console
Physical illness
Problems in the parent in the first year of life x5
Teenager
Single parent
Relationship problems
Little support
Stress
Cognitive skills acquired at end of 2nd year x2
Symbolic thinking
Object constancy
Problems in toddlers x5
ASD
Child abuse
Mild intellectual disability
Insecure attachment
Reactivate attachment disorder
Define intermodal perception
Integration of information from different senses
Describe the ages at which language develops x3
Wk 6- sounds
6M- babbling
10-12M - real language
Describe Bowlby’s attachment theory
Emotional and social development of an infant is shaped by their relationship with the primary caregiver
Describe the first form of communication in the 1st year of life
The reaction of the caregiver to the child’s crying or laughing
Describe a good enough mother according to Winnicott
One that makes active adaptation to the infants needs
Separation anxiety is marked by 2 things
Beginning of attachment
Beginning of fear of strangers
Characteristics of children’s behaviors x2
Urge to explore
Search for safety
Psychiatric disorders in the first year of life x2
ASD
Reactive attachment disorder
Define object constancy
The ability to retain a bond with a person or object despite how they may make you feel upset or angry
Describe inner representation and when it develops
Child can imagine that an object or person is somewhere else
18M
Describe some milestones that occur in toddlers x5
Walking around- 20M
Potty training- 31-37M
Differentiation of emotions
Self control of emotions and behaviors
Differentiation between self and others
Psychiatric problems in toddlers x2
ASD and ID(mild forms)
Attachment problems in parent child relationship in toddlerhood x2
Insecure attachment
Reactive attachment disorders
Describe 2 characteristics of preoperational stage
Understands simple causal r/ships
Can sort objects within one dimension eg color or shape
Describe social and emotional development in preschool children
Understand that their emotions do not always correspond to those of others but can’t yet put themselves in others shoes
Describe the theory of mind that occurs in preschool children x2
Understand that others have their inner world with thoughts, feelings and wishes
Able to predict and understand behavior of others and draw conclusions
Other aspects of social and emotional development in preschool children x4
Self image
Playing becomes more social
Ability to control fears and impulses
Development of moral sense, what is right and wrong
Problems in preschool age x5
Bed wetting
Sleep disturbances
Aggressive behaviors
Pathological fears
Delay in language and speech
Internal strategies to remember things x4
Repetition
Ordering
Giving meaning
Remembering in parts
Describe metacognition
Awareness of one’s own processes of strengths and weakness
Thinking about one’s thinking
Positive factors that promote cognitive development x5
Support
Education
Exchanging ideas with other children
Looking for a solution to a problem together
Learning experiences- homework and household tasks
Describe some emotional and social developments of a school aged child x5
Self regulation
Stress tolerance
Moral development
Understands complex emotions
Broadening of social relationships
Roles of family in child development x3
Provide food and safety
Offer guidance in developing skills
Educate on cultural values and society norms
Parenting styles x4
Authoritarian
Authoritative
Permissive
Uninvolved
Children’s emotional problems associated with parental separation x4
Aggression
Anxiety
Oppositional behavior
Problems in social functioning
How do siblings help in development x3
Justice
Dealing with anger and aggression
3 stages of adolescence
Puberty
Early and late adolescence
Characteristics of cognitive development in adolescence x5
Abstract thinking
Better memory
Better selective attention
Capable of introspection
Ability to reason logically
Describe how sleep cycle may be affected in adolescence x3
Sleep deprived > poor school performance > stress > sleep disturbances
Define identity development
A belief of being an individual who is different from others
Problems characteristic of adolescence x5
Depression
Antisocial behavior
Eating disorders
Experimenting with alcohol and drugs
Feelings of being worthless and hopeless
