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Psychiatry > Delirium > Flashcards

Delirium Flashcards

1
Q

Define delirium

A

Acute confusional state with impairments in memory and cognition

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2
Q

Trigger drugs of delirium x5

A

Steroids
Opioids
Benzodiazepines
Antipsychotics
Sedatives

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3
Q

Where THE F AM I clinical features

A

Where- disoriented
Thought disorganization
Hallucinations
Energy changes
Fluctuating confusion
Acute
Medical
Intoxication

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4
Q

PINCH ME precipitating factors

A

Pain unmanaged
Infections UTI
Nutrition
Consitpation
Hydration
Medications
Endocrine - DM, thyroid D

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5
Q

Structural causes of delirium x4

A

Stroke
Seizures
Hemorrhage
Neoplasms

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6
Q

Risk factors x5

A

Hospitalization
Male gender
Old age
Alcohol use disorder
Poor vision or cognition

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7
Q

Describe neuroinflammation in pathophysiology of delirium x4

A

Peripheral inflammation > damaged BBB > increased endothelial permeability > neuroinflammation

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8
Q

Describe old age in pathophysiology of delirium

A

Diminished physiologic reserves > increased vulnerability to stress and illness

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9
Q

Describe behavior x2 and mood x1 in hyperactive delirium

A

Uncooperative and combative
Irritable mood

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10
Q

Some investigations for delirium x5

A

FBC
ABG
Urinalysis
Blood culture
Lumbar puncture

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11
Q

Describe the DSM criteria A to E

A

A- Inattention
B- acute onset
C- Additional cognitive impairment
D- A & C not explained by pre existing neurocognitive disorder
E- There is evidence of direct physiological consequences of medical condition or substances

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12
Q

Describe the CAM (confusion assessment method)

A

1 and 2 present and either 3/4
1. Acute and fluctuating
2. Inattention
3. Disorganized thinking
4. Altered level of consciousness

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13
Q

Describe what the 4ATs tests

A

Alertness- name and address
Attention - months backwards
Acute or fluctuating course
Abbreviated mental test- age, DOB,place and year

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14
Q

Differential diagnosis for delirium x5

A

Dementia
Depression
Psychosis
Catatonia
Delirium tremens

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15
Q

Psychosocial management x4

A

Avoid frequent change of staff
Create calm and quiet environment
Family member visitations/pictures
Help in orientation

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16
Q

3 things that increases risk of delirium tremens

A

Severe dependence
Comorbid infection
Preexisting liver damage

17
Q

Clinical feature of delirium tremens x6

A

Agitation
Anxiety
Sweating
Seizures
Tachycardia
Tremors

18
Q

Dementia complications x5

A

Pressure ulcers
Aspiration pneumonia
Injuries and fractures
Malnutrition and electrolyte imbalances
Long term cognitive impairment

19
Q

Pathophysiology of delirium in terms of O2 and N2

A

Reactive oxygen species and nitrogen > cellular damage because they have low antioxidant capacity

20
Q

3 reasons why delirium is important

A

It is common
It is associated with longer hospital stay comorbid
It is associated with increased mortality and morbidity

Psychiatry (27 decks)

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