Officer Safety Participant Manual (Unit 1 - Use of Force)

Question 1

What does section 25 of the criminal code do?

Answer 1

It provides an officer with the authority to use as much force as is necessary to stop an undesired behaviour (crime), if you have reasonable grounds to do so.
(pg. 2)

Question 2

What section of the criminal code will hold you criminally responsible for unreasonable and excessive use of force, even if you were justified in using force?

Answer 2

Section 26
(pg. 3)

Question 3

What does section 27 of the criminal code do?

Answer 3

It provides an officer with the authority to use as much force as is necessary to prevent the commission of an offence for which the person who committed it might be arrested without warrant and that would likely cause serious injury to the person or property of anyone.
(pg. 3)

Question 4

What are the three facets of the Objective Reasonable Test?

Answer 4

-Was the officer lawfully placed?
-Did the officer subjectively believe the amount of force used was reasonable?
-Would an objective reasonable person believe the level of force used was reasonable?
(pg. 4)

Question 5

What are the four use of force principles?

Answer 5

-Public Safety
-Officer Safety
-Continuous Risk Assessment
-Best Strategy
(pg.6)

Question 6

What are the five levels of resistance?

Answer 6

-Cooperative
-Passive Resistance
-Active Resistance
-Assaultive
-GBH and Death
(pg. 12)

Question 7

What levels of force may be acceptable if a subject is cooperative?

Answer 7

Officer presence, communication, and physical control
(pg.12)

Question 8

What levels of force may be acceptable if a subject is passively resisting?

Answer 8

Officer presence, communication, and physical control.
(pg. 12)

Question 9

What levels of force may be acceptable if a subject is actively resisting?

Answer 9

Officer presence, communication, physical control, and intermediate weapons.
(pg. 12)

Question 10

What levels of force may be acceptable if a subject is assaultive?

Answer 10

Officer presence, communication, physical control, and intermediate weapons.
(pg. 12)

Question 11

What levels of force may be acceptable if there is risk of Grievous Bodily Harm or Death?

Answer 11

Officer presence, communication, and lethal force.
(pg. 12)

Question 12

What are some examples of subject impact factors?

Answer 12

-Age, size, gender
-Mental state
-Audience or peers
-Level of fitness
-Intoxication
-History
-Severity of crime
-Number of subjects
-Previous training
(pg. 9)

Question 13

What are some examples of officer impact factors?

Answer 13

-Age, size, gender
-Number of officers
-Response time for backup or assitance
-Exhaustion or injuries
-Position
-Equipement
-Time and Distance
(pg. 11)

Question 14

What are some environmental impact factors?

Answer 14

-Weather conditions
-Time of Day
-location (in/out doors, rural or urban)
-isolation or open space?
-Lighting
-Footing
-Cover, concealment, and shielding opportunities
(pg. 10)

Question 15

AIM stands for Ability, Intent, Means. When should you use the AIM model and why?

Answer 15

You should use the AIM model as a tool to assist in identifying whether or not physical intervention is warranted in a scenario. For example, if someone is threatening you, but they don’t have the Ability, Intent, and Means to follow through on the threat, you may not be prudent in using physical intervention.
(pg. 22-24)