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Oral board studying Prep book > Office- Screenings/Vaccinations > Flashcards

Office- Screenings/Vaccinations Flashcards

1
Q

What is the recommendation for colon cancer screening?

A

If average risk= starts at age 45-85 q 10 years

If positive family history starts 10 years prior to relative being diagnosed

If 1 first degree relative affected repeat 5 years

If 2 or more first degree relatives affected repeat in 3 years

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2
Q

What is the screening recommendation for colon cancer if colonoscopy was positive?

A

If a benign polyp repeat in 3-5 years

If polyp with atypia repeat in 3 years

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3
Q

What are the screening options for colon cancer?

A

Colonoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy
FOBT
FIT
CT colonography

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4
Q

What is the breast cancer screening recommendations?

A

40-75 years old
Annually 40-54
Biennal 55-75

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5
Q

What is the recommended screening for lung cancer?

A

Annual low dose chest CT for adults age 50-80 with smoking history and current smoker or quit <15 years ago

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6
Q

What is the recommended next step for evaluation of abnormal breast imaging result?

A

Core needle biopsy

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7
Q

What is the management of breast cysts on imaging?

A

BIRADS 2= observation, can aspirate if symptomatic

Non simple cyst= observation, aspiration or biopsy

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8
Q

When is it recommended to test for BRCA mutation?

A

Greater than 20% chance breast cancer based on family history

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9
Q

What is the inheritance pattern for BRCA mutations?

A

Autosomal dominant

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10
Q

What is the screening recommendations for breast cancer in a patient with positive BRCA 1 or 2?

A

Clinical breast exam q 6 months
Annual MRI at age 25-29
Annual MRI and mammogram at age 30

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11
Q

What is the screening recommendations for ovarian cancer in a patient with positive BRCA 1 or 2?

A

No screening recommended

Can consider Ca125, pelvic ultrasound yearly at age 30-35

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12
Q

What is the breast cancer risk for BRCA 1?

A

65-74%

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13
Q

What is the ovarian cancer risk for BRCA 1?

A

40%

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14
Q

What is the breast cancer risk for BRCA 2?

A

65-74%

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15
Q

What is the ovarian cancer risk for BRCA 2?

A

20%

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16
Q

What cancer risks are increased with BRCA mutations?

A

Breast
Ovarian
Gastric
Melanoma
Pancreatic
Prostate

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17
Q

What is the chemoprevention option for breast cancer?

A

Tamoxifen

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18
Q

What is the chemoprevention option for ovarian cancer?

A

OCPs

19
Q

When is risk reducing surgery for BRCA mutation recommended?

A

Salpingoopherectomy by age 40 or when child bearing complete
prophylactic mastectomy
BRCA1=35-40
BRCA2=40-45

20
Q

What is recommendation for tetanus vaccination?

A

1 time dose of TDAP then Td every 10 years

TDAP in each pregnancy between 27-36 weeks

21
Q

What is the recommendation for MMR vaccination?

A

Single dose recommended unless high risk then should receive 2 doses

22
Q

What people are high risk for MMR and should receive vaccination?

A

healthcare workers
College students
International travelers
Rubella negative postpartum patients

23
Q

Who is recommended for hepatitis A vaccination?

A

Childhood vaccination 2 doses 6 months apart
International travelers
Ilicit drug users

24
Q

Who is recommended for hepatitis B vaccination?

A

Pts age 13-18
healthcare workers
Dealing with or receiving blood products
IV drug users
More than 1 sexual partner
Recent or current STD
Hepatitis B household contacts

25
Q

Who is recommended for influenza vaccine?

A

everyone annually after age 6 months

26
Q

Who should receive pneumococcal vaccination?

A

Age 65
Immunocompromised
splenectomy
Chronic medical illness

27
Q

Who should receive meningococcal vaccine?

A

Everyone by age 15 or prior to high school/military service

28
Q

Who should receive varicella vaccine?

A

All adults without proven immunity

DO NOT GIVE IN PREGNANCY!!

29
Q

Who should receive zoster vaccine?

A

All adults age 50 and older
2 doses

30
Q

Who should receive HPV vaccine?

A

Age 9-45 years old

9-14 years old= 2 doses (0,6 months)

15-45 years old= 3 doses (0,2,6 months)

31
Q

Can you give HPV vaccine in pregnancy?

A

No

32
Q

Can you give HPV vaccine in lactating mothers?

A

Yes

33
Q

What does the HPV vaccine consist of?

A

9 valent vaccine
(6,11,16,18,31,33,45,52,58)

34
Q

Can the patient have HPV vaccine if they have a history of abnormal Pap smear?

A

Yes

35
Q

What does the HPV vaccine reduce risk of?

A

Anogenital cancer
Oropharyngeal cancer
Genital warts

36
Q

Who should receive COVID vaccine?

A

Everyone age 12 and older

37
Q

Can you use statin therapy in pregnancy?

A

No

38
Q

What is the leading cause of death in women?

A

CVD

39
Q

What are risk factors for CVD?

A

Age
Family history of premature CHD
HTN
Diabetes
Current cigarette smoking
Obesity
Sedentary lifestyle
Low HDL

40
Q

When should statins be prescribed?

A

Clinical CVD
LDL >190
History of DM with LDL 70-189
LDL 70-189 and 10 year risk of CVD >7.5%

41
Q

How much does a moderate intensity statin decrease LDL?

A

30-50%

42
Q

How much does a high intensity statin decrease LDL?

A

> 50%

43
Q

Recommendation for zoster vaccination?

A

Aduts age 50 and older

44
Q

High risk factors for pneumococcal disease?

A

Alcohol use disorder
Chronic liver, lung, heart disease
Smoker
Diabetes
Hemoglobinopathies
Immunocompromised

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