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Oral board studying Prep book > Office- Miscellaneous > Flashcards

Office- Miscellaneous Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common genetic bleeding disorder in women?

A

Von willebrand disease

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2
Q

What is the inheritance of von willebrand disease?

A

Autosomal dominant type 1
Autosomal recessive type 2

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3
Q

What is the prevalence of von willebrand disease?

A

1%

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4
Q

What is the evaluation for von willebrand disease?

A

CBC
PT/PTT
Fibrinogen
Ristocetin cofactor activity level for vWF, vWF antigen, factor VIII

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5
Q

What are indications for screening for von willebrand disease?

A
  1. Adolescent with HMB prior to initiating OCP
  2. Adults with HMB
  3. Patients undergoing hysterectomy for HMB
  4. History of excessive bleeding
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6
Q

What is the treatment for von willebrand disease?

A

Desmopressin
OCP
IUD
Nexplanon
TXA

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7
Q

What medication should be avoided in patients with von willebrand disease?

A

NSAIDs
Aspirin

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8
Q

What OB considerations should be taken into account for patients with von willebrand disease?

A

Avoid vaccum delivery
Avoid scalp placement
Delay circumsion
Increase risk of PPH
Increase risk of epidural hematoma

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9
Q

What are malignant characteristics of melanoma?

A

Irregular borders
Non-uniform darkening
Ulceration
Bleeding
Increasing size

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10
Q

What are symptoms of migraine without aura?

A

Unilateral
Pulsatile
Aggravated by routine activity
Moderate to severe pain
Nausea
Photophobia

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11
Q

What are the criteria for irritable bowel syndrome?

A

Abdominal pain relieved by defecation
Abdominal pain associated with increase or decrease in stool frequency
Abdominal pain associated with harder or looser stools
Dyspepsia

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12
Q

What is the treatment for irritable bowel syndrome?

A

Antispasmodics and fiber modification

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13
Q

How long does it take to develop symptoms from food poisoning?

A

2-6 hours

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14
Q

What are the typical culprits for food poisoning?

A

Salmonella
Norovirus
Campylobacter
E. coli
Listeria

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15
Q

What are symptoms of food poisoning?

A

Diarrhea
Vomiting

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16
Q

What is the treatment for food poisoning?

A

Supportive treatment

17
Q

How long does it take to develop symptoms from travelers diarrhea?

A

24-72hrs

18
Q

What are the typical culprits for travelers diarrhea?

A

E.coli

19
Q

What are the symptoms of travelers diarrhea?

A

Abdominal cramping
Watery diarrhea
Low grade fever
Vomiting

20
Q

What is the treatment for travelers diarrhea?

A

Supportive treatment
pepto bismol
Cipro 500mg BID for 5 days

21
Q

What symptoms does Giardiasis cause?

A

Watery diarrhea
abdominal bloating
Flatulence
Malabsorption

22
Q

What is the incubation period for Giardiasis?

A

10-20 days

23
Q

How do you diagnosis Giardiasis?

A

Fecal examination for trophozoites

24
Q

What is the treatment for Giardiasis?

A

Flagyl 250mg TID for 7 days

25
Q

What bacteria cause bloody diarrhea?

A

Campylobacter
E.coli
Shigella
C.diff

26
Q

What medications are contraindicated in pregnancy?

A

Chloramphenicol- Grey baby syndrome
Tetracycline- Tooth discloration
Erythromycin- Hepatotoxic
Quinolone- Affects cartilage
Nitrofurantoin- neonatal hemolytic anemia

27
Q

What medications are contraindicated with breastfeeding?

A

Bromocriptine
Cyclophosphamide
Ergotamine
Lithium
Methotrexate
Radioactive iodine

28
Q

What is the recommendation for expedited partner therapy?

A

Should be given when patient is infected with gonorrhea, chlamydia or trichomonas.

Prescription given at the same time for patient and partner

Written instructions for partner for medication use, effects and contraindications, evaluation and STD testing

29
Q

What is the treatment for gonorrhea?

A

Ceftriazone 500mg IM or weight based dosing
No need for azithromycin now
Retest in 3 months for reinfection

30
Q

What is the management for IUD without visible strings?

A
  1. Attempt to retrieve strings (cytobrush)
  2. If not successful exclude pregnancy and counsel patient and give back up or emergency contraception
  3. Pelvic ultrasound
  4. If not visualized then do X-ray of abdomen and pelvis
  5. If still no visualized then assume expelled and counsel patient
    IF seen in abdomen laparoscopic removal
31
Q

What are the SERMs?

A

Tamoxifene
Raloxifene
Clomiphene
Ospemifene
Bazedoxifene

32
Q

What is the indication for treatment with tamoxifene?

A
  1. Prevention of breast cancer in high risk group
  2. Adjuvant treatment of breast cancer
  3. Metastatic breast cancer
33
Q

What is the indication for treatment with raloxifene?

A
  1. Chemoprevention for patients at risk for breast cancer
  2. Osteoporosis prevention and treatment
34
Q

What are the side effects of tamoxifene?

A

Uterine polyps/hyperplasia
VTE
vasomotor symptoms

35
Q

What are the side effects of raloxifene?

A

VTE

36
Q

How does raloxifene work?

A

Bind to estrogen receptor
Stimulates estrogen effects on bone and lipids
No estrogen effect on uterus or breast

37
Q

What is the indication for ospemifene?

A

Treatment of moderate to severe dyspaurenia due to vulvar/vaginal atrophy of menopause

38
Q

How does ospemifene work?

A

Binds to estrogen receptor
Stimulates estrogen affects in vagina
No estrogen effect on breast

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