Oesophageal Cancer and disorders Flashcards
What type of oesophageal cancer occurs in the lower 1/3 of the oesophagus?
Adenocarcinoma
What type of oesophageal cancer occurs in the upper 2/3 of the oesophagus?
squamous cell
Risk factors for oesophageal adenocarcinoma
GORD
Barrett’s oesophagus
smoking
obesity
Risk factors for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma
smoking
alcohol
achalasia
Plummer-Vinson syndrome
diets rich in nitrosamines
Clinical presentation of oesophageal cancer
- dysphagia
- weight loss
- vomiting
- odynophagia
- hoarseness
- malaena
- cough
Investigations used to diagnose oesophageal cancer
- Upper GI endoscopy with biopsy is used for diagnosis
- CT/PET for staging
Management of oesophageal cancer
T1N0M0 = operable
=> Ivor-Lewis type oesophagectomy
adjuvant chemotherapy
What is the most worrying surgical complication following an Ivor-Lewis oesophagectomy
anastomotic leak
(due to intrathoracic anastomosis)
Patient presents with a triad of:
dysphagia (secondary to oesophageal webs)
glossitis
iron-deficiency anaemia
Plummer-Vinson syndrome
Treatment of Plummer Vinson syndrome
- iron supplementation
- dilation of the webs
Patient presents with:
Severe vomiting
Painful mucosal lacerations at gastroesophageal junction
=> haematemesis.
Common in alcoholics
Mallory-Weiss Tear
What condition may cause te following:
Severe vomiting → oesophageal rupture
Boerhaave Syndrome
