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English Own > Occupation > Flashcards

Occupation Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

What is “restricted lexis” or “jargon”?

A

Lexis specific to something etc. an occupation or hobby

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2
Q

Name three occupations that have restricted lexis

A
  1. British Legal Language
  2. American Military Language
  3. Medical Language
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3
Q

Why does British Legal Language use Restricted Lexis?

A
  1. The need for precision
  2. The very long history of law as a qualified profession
  3. The prestige of law and changed in prestige languages
  4. The desire to exclude non-lawyers
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4
Q

Why does American Military Language use Restricted Lexis?

A
  1. The military forms a very closed network
  2. Military service affects a great deal of its personnel’s lives
  3. The importance of group membership and loyalty
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5
Q

Why does Medical Language use Restricted Lexis?

A
  1. A way of recording difficult truths
  2. A way of expressing frustration with difficult to treat cases
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6
Q

What is Semantically Restricted Lexis?

A

Words that exist in ordinary English but which have a special meaning to members of the profession.

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7
Q

Who did the Accommodation Theory

A

Howard Giles

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8
Q

In Giles’ Accommodation Theory, what is Convergence?

A

Speaking more like your interlocutor, usually to establish comity

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9
Q

In Giles’ Accommodation Theory, what is Divergence?

A

Speaking less like your interlocutor, usually to show distinctiveness and difference, but it can be to show hostility

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10
Q

What is a Service Encounter?

A

A transactional Interaction in which one person provides goods or services

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11
Q

What do Service Encounters typically contain?

A
  1. Openings and offers of service
  2. negotiation of service
  3. closing and leave taking
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12
Q

What is a Discourse Structure?

A

Occupational Language that often has repeating patterns and structures

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13
Q

What is an example of a Discourse Structure?

A

A Teacher’s Report.
1. The pupil’s First name
2. A complement adjective
3. Written in the present tense

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14
Q

What is a Discourse Community?

A

A group that use a Discourse Structure. Will usually determine several aspects of language.
1. Topic
2. Lexical Choice
3. Status

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15
Q

Who studied Frontstage and Backstage Language?

A

Goffman

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16
Q

According to Goffman, what are Frontstage Conversations?

A

When speakers are performing their professional identity

17
Q

According to Goffman, what are Backstage Conversations?

A

When speakers are performing a different, more social identity

18
Q

Who studied Workplace Conversations?

A

Drew and Heritage

19
Q

What did Drew and Heritage say about Workplace Conversations?

A
  1. Are Goal oriented
  2. Have constraints on what participants will treat as “allowable contributions”
  3. Employ inferential frameworks that are specific to the workplace
20
Q

What are Inferential Frameworks?

A

Assumptions that all the participants share about each other in the context of the conversation

21
Q

Who studied Asymmetrical Conversation?

A

Goffman

22
Q

What is Asymmetrical Conversation according to Goffman?

A

Conversation are not even or equal. Superiors demonstrate dominant behaviour and inferiors demonstrate deferential behaviour

23
Q

What is Topic Drift?

A

Moving from topic to topic

24
Q

What is Topic Control?

A

Where a High-Status speaker controls the choice of topics in a conversation

25
Q

What are Topic Loops?

A

Returning to a previously abandoned topic

26
Q

What is Sacks’ Turn Taking Rule?

A

No Gap. No Overlap

27
Q

Who Studied Face Needs?

A

Brown and Levinson

28
Q

What is Positive Face?

A

Self Image

29
Q

What is Negative Face?

A

The right to Self-Determination

30
Q

Who Studied Politeness Maxims?

A

Robin Lakoff

31
Q

What were Lakoff’s three Maxims of Politeness?

A
  1. Don’t Impose
  2. Give Options
  3. Make the listener feel good

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