Ethnicity Flashcards
What is a Pidgin?
A language created by speakers of multiple languages forced together. Usually is used for trading purposes. Is no ones first language
What is a Creole?
A pidgin that has become a communities first language
What is an example of a Pidgin?
Bamboo English
Where is Bamboo English from?
Vietnam
Why was Bamboo English created?
So that American Soldiers could purchase illicit goods whilst stationed in Vietnam
What is an example of a Bamboo English phrase?
Me love you long time
What is an example of a creole?
Patois/patwa/jamaican creole
Where is Patwa from?
Jamaica
Why was Patwa created?
So that slaves from different African countries could communicate with each other
What are three features of Creoles?
- Reduplication
- Zero Plurals
- Gender
What is reduplication in Creoles?
Repeat sounds in words to avoid homophones and increase meaning
What is Zero Plurals in Creoles?
Don’t mark plural nouns
What is lack of gender in Creoles?
Don’t have gendered pronouns
What is Black British English?
A decreolised version of Jamaican Creole
What are the nine features of Black British English?
- Innit as a universal tag question
- The +s inflection is omitted from 3rd person singular verbs in the present tense
- Plural nouns are uninflected
- Multiple negation is common
- “do” is used with the past participle to imply a completed activity
- Copular “to be” is omitted in sentences with complement phrases
- The base form of “be” is used to express habitual action
- /θ/ is pronounced /t/
- /ð/ is pronounced /d/
Give an example of “innit” as a universal tag question in Black British English
I’m going home, innit
Give an example of how the +s inflection is omitted from 3rd person singular verbs in the present tense in Black British English
She work in the bank
Give an example of how plural nouns are uninflected in Black British English
Two apple
Give an example of multiple negation in Black British English
We don’t got no more
Give an example of how “do” is used with the past participle to imply a completed activity in Black British English
He done got married
Give an example of how copular “to be” is omitted in sentences with complement phrases in Black British English
She funny
Give an example of how the base form of “be” is used to express habitual action in Black British English
He be walking to work
Give an example of how /θ/ is pronounced /t/ in Black British English
Think become tink
Give an example of how /ð/ is pronounced /d/ in Black British English
The becomes de
What did Ben Rampton say about Creole?
“Creole was widely seen as cool, tough and good to use”
What did John Pitts claim that BBE is used as?
A part of a resistance identity
What does Multicultural Urban English combine elements of?
Creole, Standard British English and influences from other languages
Who is MUE associated with?
Young people
Where did MUE develop?
London
In MUE, what does Bare mean?
Many (adj) and Very (advb)
In MUE, what does Endz mean?
Neighbourhood (Noun)
How do MUE speakers pronounce “ask”?
a:ks
How do MUE speakers pronounce “price”?
pra:s
What are the six grammar features of MUE?
- Dem as a plural marker
- “man” as a first person singular pronoun
- Copular “be” used consistently before complements
- Innit as a universal tag question
- “You get me” as a tag question
- “This is me” as a quotative
Give an example of Dem as a plural marker in MUE
Mandem
Give an example of “man” as a first person singular pronoun in MUE
Man went to Hackney
Give an example of how the copular “be” is used consistently before complements in MUE
The woman who be here
Give an example of how Innit is used as a universal tag question in MUE
I’m going home, innit?
Give an example of how “You get me” is used as a tag question in MUE
I don’t want to go, you get me
Give an example of how “this is me” is used as a quotative in MUE
I saw him and this is me, “what you want” and this is him “what’s it got to do with you”
What does Code Mixing mean?
Occasionally inserting words or phrases from one language into another
What does Code Switching mean?
Moving from one language into another for a longer period
Who spoke about “we code” and “they code”?
John Gumperz
What is Domain Theory?
When speakers move between codes depending on where and to whom they are speaking
British Ashkenazi Jews speak three language, what are they and which domains would they speak them in?
Home = Yiddish
School = English
Synagogue = Hebrew
