Dialect Flashcards
What is the British non-regional dialect?
Standard English
What is dialect?
Words and Grammar
What is an example of regional dialect lexis?
cruckle (verb and noun) to twist ones ankle
What is an example of regional dialect grammar?
ain’t (verb) negated contracted form of the verb “to be”
What is an example of Regional Lexis in Manchester?
Cocker (noun)
What is an example of regional semantics in Manchester?
Pants to mean trousers
What is an example of a regional idiom in Manchester?
I am Keen
The Manchester dialect has 7 examples of regional grammar, what are they?
- Non-standard copular
- Multiple Negation
- Non-standard auxiliary “be”
- Non-standard auxiliary “never”
- “them” as a determiner
- double subject
- non-standard “us” as singular
In the Manchester Dialect, what is an example of a non-standard copular?
I were late
In the Manchester Dialect, what is an example of multiple negation?
I didn’t do nothing
In the Manchester Dialect, what is an example of a non-standard auxiliary “be”?
I ain’t going
In the Manchester Dialect, what is an example of a non-standard auxiliary “never”?
I never done it
In the Manchester Dialect, what is an example of “them” as a determiner?
I like them shoes
In the Manchester Dialect, what is an example of a double subject?
He’s mad him
In the Manchester Dialect, what is an example of a non-standard “us” as singular?
Give us a ring
Who identified dialect levelling?
Paul Kerswill
What is Dialect Levelling?
Where local variations die out and regional dialects die out.
In Dialect Levelling why do local variations and regional dialects die out?
- Geographical mobility results in greater dialect contact between commuters
- Social mobility and consequent breakdown of tight knit working class communities
- Increased interaction with people of other speech varieties
Why is the Surrey Dialect dying out?
It’s population is highly mobile, with many of its residents having moved there from London and are highly educated.
In the Surrey Dialect, what does “bannick” mean?
To beat or thrash
In the Surrey Dialect, what does “timmersome” mean?
Timid
What non-standard feature of the Surrey Dialect is in “How be you?”
Non-standard copular be
What non standard feature of the Surrey Dialect is in “grow’d”, “know’d” and “see’d”?
Non-standard Past Tense of Strong Verbs
What does Social Network Theory look at?
The effect that the size and diversity of your social group has on your language
What is your “social network”?
The people you know and the relationships between them.
Who did the Reading Study?
Jenny Cheshire
How many non-standard features did Cheshire identify in her Reading Study?
11
Give five examples of the non-standard features Cheshire identified in her Reading Study
- Non-Standard “s” inflection
- Non-Standard copular
- Ain’t as negated “be”
- Non-Standard “never as negator
- Multiple Negation
In Cheshire’s Reading Study, what is an example of the Non-Standard “s” inflection?
They calls me names
In Cheshire’s Reading Study, what is an example of the Non-Standard copular?
You was with me, wasn’t you?
In Cheshire’s Reading Study, what is an example of Ain’t as negated “be”?
It ain’t got no pedigree or nothing
In Cheshire’s Reading Study, what is an example of the Non-Standard “never” as a negator?
I never went to school today
In Cheshire’s Reading Study, what is an example of Multiple Negation?
You ain’t no boss
In Cheshire’s Reading Study, how many non-standard features did boys use more than girls?
10
In Cheshire’s Reading Study, what three groups were the boys divided into?
- Core members
- Secondary members
- non-members
In Cheshire’s Reading Study, what did 6 of the features have a direct correlation with?
Network Strength
What did Cheshire assign each of the boys in her Reading Study?
A Vernacular Cultural Index Score
How did Cheshire assign a Vernacular Cultural Index Score in her Reading Study?
By looking at hair style, knife carrying etc.
In Cheshire’s Reading Study, which boys used the most Non-Standard features?
Highest Status boys
In Cheshire’s Reading Study, how did she divide the girls?
Bad girls and good girls
What did Cheshire find about non-standard features in relation to the girls?
All of the non-standard features were used more by the “bad girls” than the “good girls”
Who did Matched Guise Experiments?
Howard Giles and Dixon Mahoney and Cox
In Giles’ Matched Guise Experiment, what accents did he use?
Birmingham and R.P.
In Giles’ Matched Guise Experiment which accent was consistently judged to be more intelligent?
R.P.
In Dixon Mahoney and Cox’s Matched Guise Experiment, what accents did they use?
Birmingham and R.P.
In Dixon Mahoney and Cox’s Matched Guise Experiment, which accent was significantly more likely to be considered guilty?
Birmingham
