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OCB > OCB04-2007 Neck > Flashcards

OCB04-2007 Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What regions bound the neck?

A

Above by the base of the skull posteriorly and the mandible anteriorly
Below by the clavicles and top of the sternum

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2
Q

What are the 4 main compartments of the neck?

A

visceral
2 vascular
vertebral

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3
Q

What is the vertebral compartment?

A

There are 7 cervical vertebrae- they support the head while allowing considerable flexibility
Muscles such as the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscle surround the posterior and lateral parts of the neck

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4
Q

What is the visceral compartment?

A

Comprises of the passageways of the larynx and pharynx, eg: trachae

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5
Q

What is the vascular compartment also known as?

A

Carotid sheath

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6
Q

What is the vascular compartment?

A

comprises of tubes of fascia containing the common carotid artery, the internal jugular vein and the vagus nerve

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7
Q

How do cervical vertebrae differ from others?

A

They contain transverse foramen which is the passageway for vertebral artery

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8
Q

What do the superficial layers of the neck contain?

A

Cutaneous nerves
Blood and lymphatic vessels
Fat
Platysma

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9
Q

What is the platysma?

A

A flat, thin muscle that covers the entire anterior half of the neck, from the mandible to the clavicles

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10
Q

What is the main role of the platysma?

A

Tense the skin, helping to depress the mandible in generating facial expression

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11
Q

What is a sign of paralysis of the platysma as a result of damage to the facial nerve?

A

Visible droop of skin

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12
Q

What muscles are in the deep fascia of the neck?

A

Sternocleidomastoid

Trapezius

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13
Q

Where does the sternocleidomastoid attach?

A

Tot the sternum, clavicle and mastoid process of the temporal bone, and occipital protuberance

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14
Q

What does unilateral contraction of one of the sternocleidomastoid muscles cause?

A

Causes the skull to state to the opposite side and lateral flexion to the sam side
Eg: shortening the right sternocleidomastoid causes the head to rotate to the left and tilt right

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15
Q

What does bilateral recruitment of the sternocleidomastoid muscles cause?

A

Hold the head straight

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16
Q

Where did the trapezius muscle attach?

A

Lateral third of the clavicle and spine of scapula and goes down to C12 and occipital protuberance

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17
Q

What does contraction of the trapezius cause?

A

Moves the scapula when the spine is fixed

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18
Q

What are post-vertebral muscles?

A

These are long muscles from the base of the skull which extend to the cervical and mid-thoracic vertebrae

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19
Q

What is the function of post vertebral muscles?

A

They support the head when its upright, and when relaxed the head falls forward

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20
Q

What are prevertebral muscles?

A

These are used against gravity and are also involved In lateral flexion
They can move the first rib too

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21
Q

Why is the neck vulnerable to injury?

A

The vertebrae of the neck do not attach to ribs, thus they offer little protection to the viscera and vasculature

22
Q

Why is the neck an easy pulse point?

A

Large vessels that supply the brain and the head are very superficial

23
Q

How many triangles is the outer surface f the neck divided into?

A

4 triangles: 2 posterior and 2 anterior

24
Q

What are the borders of the anterior triangles?

A

Median vertical line of the neck
Inferior margin of the mandible
Anterior margin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

25
Q

What are the borders of the posterior triangle?

A

Middle one third of the clavicle
Anterior margin of the trapezium
Posterior margin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

26
Q

What muscle form the boundary between the anterior and posterior triangles?

A

Sternocleidomastoid muscles

27
Q

What are the important structures of the posterior triangle?

A

Accessory nerve
4 superficial branches of the cervical plexus
External jugular vein

28
Q

What are the main structures within the anterior triangle?

A 
Muscles that attach to the hyoid bone
Carotid arteries
Internal jugular vein 
Vagus nerve 
Thyroid and parathyroid glands
29
Q

Where do the arteries of the anterior triangle derive from?

A

Common carotid artery

30
Q

Where does the common carotid artery arise from?

A

The brachiocephalic artery on the right side of the body and directly from the arch of the aorta on the left side

31
Q

Where does the artery enter the neck?

A

Within the carotid sheath

32
Q

Which cranial nerves innervate the neck?

A

VII-XII

33
Q

How many cervical spinal nerves are there?

A

8

34
Q

What do the posterior branches of the cervical spinal nerves supply?

A

The extensor muscles of the vertebral column, and supply the skin of the posterior parts of the scalp and neck

35
Q

Which cervical spinal nerve does not supply the ski of the posterior parts of the scalp and neck?

A

C1

36
Q

What do the anterior rami form?

A

The brachial and cervical plexus

37
Q

Which nerves make up the cervical plexus?

A

C1- C4

38
Q

What does the cervical plexus supply?

A

Muscles and cutaneous region of the neck

39
Q

Which nerve is formed from the cervical plexus?

A

Phrenic nerve

40
Q

What groups is the cervical plexus divided into?

A

Superficial and deep groups

41
Q

What does the superficial cervical plexus supply?

A

Skin of the anterior and lateral parts of the neck and side of the head

42
Q

What does the deep cervical plexus supply?

A

Muscles of the neck

43
Q

What is the ansa cervicalis?

A

A loop of nerves that are part of the cervical plexus

They lie superficial to the internal jugular vein in the carotid sheath

44
Q

What do the branches of the ansa cervicalis innervate?

A

Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Omohyoid

45
Q

Which nerve innervates the thyrohyoid muscle?

A

Ventral root of the C1

46
Q

Which nerves form the brachial plexus?

A

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

47
Q

What is the carotid sheath?

A

A fibrous connective tissue that surround the vascular compartment of the neck
It is part of the deep cervical fascia of the neck

48
Q

What are the 4 main structures in the carotid sheath?

A

Common carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
Vagus nerve
Deep cervical lymph nodes

49
Q

What is the positioning of the carotid artery, internal jugular vein and vagus nerve?

A

Carotid artery lies medial to the internal jugular vein and the vagus nerve is situated posteriorly between the two vessels

50
Q

What nerves are in the upper part of the carotid sheath?

A

Glossopharyngeal
Accessory
Hypoglossal

51
Q

Where do all the lymph vessels in the neck and head drain?

A

Deep cervical lymph nodes

OCB (16 decks)

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