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OCB > OCB02-2023 Structure & function of the oral mucosa > Flashcards

OCB02-2023 Structure & function of the oral mucosa Flashcards

1
Q

What are the anterior and posterior boundaries of the oral mucosa?

A

Anterior boundary is the mammalian border of the lips

Posteriorly it ends at the palatoglossal fold

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2
Q

What does the oral mucosa comprise of?

A 
Upper and lower labial mucosa
Upper and lower labial sulcus
Free and attached gingiva
Buccal sulcus
Buccal mucosa
Hard palate
Soft palate
Dorsum of the tongue
Ventral surface of the tongue 
Floor of the mouth
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3
Q

What is oral mucosa?

A

The mucous membrane lining the inside of the mouth

It consists of stratified squamous epithelium and lamina propria

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4
Q

What epithelium is oral epithelium?

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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5
Q

What are the main components of oral mucosa?

A

Oral epithelium

Lamina propria

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6
Q

What is the boundary between mucosa and submucosa called in the gut?

A

muscularis mucosa

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7
Q

What boundary is blurred in oral cavity?

A

The boundary between submucosa and mucosa

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8
Q

How do you know when you are in submucosa in the oral cavity?

A

Fat and skeletal muscle is present in submucosa

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9
Q

What does the lamina propria contain?

A

Fibrous tissue and blood vessels

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10
Q

What are the downward projections in epithelium called?

A

Rete processes

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11
Q

What are upward projections in epithelium called?

A

Connective tissue papillae

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12
Q

What are the 3 types of mucosa?

A

Masticatory
Lining
Specialised

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13
Q

Where is masticatory mucosa present?

A

Hard palate and gingiva

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14
Q

Where is lining mucosa present?

A 
Buccal mucosa
Buccal sulcus
Labial mucosa
Ventral tongue
Floor of mouth
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15
Q

Where is specialised mucosa present?

A

Dorsal tongue

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16
Q

Where is the thickest epithelium present?

A

Buccal mucosa

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17
Q

Where is the lamina propria thickest?

A

Hard palate

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18
Q

What is the structure of mucosa in the floor of the mouth like?

A

Epithelium is thin and lacks rete processes

Lamina propria is thin

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19
Q

Why is the lamina propria thin in the floor of the mouth?

A

Due to the presence of salivary glands

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20
Q

How is masticatory mucosa adapted to withstand shear forces?

A

The pattern of rete processes are longer so form a greater area of surface contact with the underlying lamina propria

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21
Q

What is mucoperiosteum?

A

In the gingiva and parts of hard palate, the oral mucosa lies continuous with the periosteum without any intervening submucosa

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22
Q

What is a major difference between lining and masticatory mucosa?

A

There is a sub mucosal layer in lining mucosa that consists of fat, skeletal muscle and minor salivary glands
There is no definite submucosal layer in masticatory mucosa, the lamina propria continues to the periosteum of the alveolar ridges or hard palate

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23
Q

Why is raising a mucosal flap in the gingiva or hard palate difficult?

A

The lamina propria is tightly bound to the underlying bone

24
Q

Why is the term ‘mucoperiosteum’ used?

A

There is no definite submucosal layer in masticatory mucosa

25
Q

Is masticatory mucosa keratinised or non-keratinised?

A

keratinised

26
Q

What are the 4 layers of masticatory mucosa?

A 
Stratum basale (basal layer)
Stratum spinosum (prickle cell layer)
Stratum granulosum (granular layer)
Stratum corner (keratinised layer)
27
Q

What are the two functional populations of the oral epithelium?

A

Progenitor population

Maturing population

28
Q

Where does proliferation occur in oral epithelium?

A

In the basal cell layer and immediate supra basal

29
Q

Where does maturation occur in the oral epithelium?

A

From the prickle cell layer upwards towards the surface

30
Q

What does the basal compartment consist of?

A

Stem cells and amplifying cells

31
Q

What happens when the stem cell divides in the basal compartment?

A

As the stem cell divides, one cell remains as a stem cell and the other forms a transit amplifying cell that matures up the layers of epithelium

32
Q

What is a mitotic abnormality within epithelium?

A

Mitotic figures found in the prickle cell layer

33
Q

What is bullous pemphigoid antigen?

A

Helps anchor the basal cell to the underlying basal lamina

34
Q

What is the basal lamina?

A

The interface between the oral epithelium and lamina propria

35
Q

What is pemphigoid?

A

A blistering disease characterised by autoantibodies to the bulls pemphigoid antigen

36
Q

How are basal cells attached to the basal zone?

A

Via hemidesmosomes

37
Q

What is mucus membrane pemphigoid?

A

Patient’s immune system manufactures antibodies against bullous pemphigoid antigen and so weakening the adhesion between the epithelium with lamina propria
There is a lack of function of the antigen so there is a split form basal cells to the lamina propria
Causes blistering

38
Q

What occurs when patients develop antibodies to desmoglein?

A

There is a breakdown of desmosomes in the prickle cell layer, resulting in breakdown of inter-cellular cohesion
Gaps appear in the prickly cell layer resulting in blisters

39
Q

What is the difference between intra-epithelial blisters and pemphigoid?

A

Pemphigoid occurs sub-epithelially so intraepithelial blisters are more fragile and breakdown more easily

40
Q

How do cells differ when they progress from the prickle cell layer to stratum granulosum?

A

Cells become flattened
Nuceli elongate
Lose a lot of nuclei

41
Q

What are the purpose of keratohyalin granules in stratum granulosum?

A

They release filagrin precursors which aggregates keratin resulting in flattening of keratinocytes

42
Q

What is the purpose of the cornified layer?

A

Provides structural integrity

Waterproof

43
Q

How does structure change as the basal layer progresses to the cornfield layer?

A

Becomes terminally differentiated
Loses organelles like nuclei
Nuclei become less pronounced

44
Q

In a histological stain, what do white and pink areas represent?

A

White- hyperkeratinisation

Pink- parakeratinisation

45
Q

Is lining mucosa keratinised or non-keratinised?

A

Non-keratinised

46
Q

Why is there no stratum granulosum in lining mucosa? What is this layer called instead?

A

It is non-keratinised epithelium

Stratum intermedium

47
Q

Why is there no cornified layer in lining mucosa? What is this layer called instead?

A

No keratin

The superficial layer

48
Q

How does the function of lining mucosa differ from masticatory without cornfield envelope and keratin?

A

More flexible and less waterproof

49
Q

What is the vermillion zone?

A

The border between oral mucosa and skin on the lip

50
Q

What structures does the lower lip lack?

A

Skin adnexae

Salivary glands

51
Q

Where is specialised mucosa found?

A

Dorsally on the tongue, specifically in the region of the taste buds on lingual papillae

52
Q

What are the non-keratinocytes present within the oral epithelium?

A

Melanocytes
Langerhan cells
Merkel cells
Lymphocytes

53
Q

What is present at the base of the tongue?

A

Crypts that extend down as invaginations into the surface of the mucosa

54
Q

What is the epithelium lining crypts called?

A

Reticulated crypt epithelium

55
Q

What are characteristics of the epithelium lining crypts?

A

More loosely capped, non-keratinised and contains lymphocytes

56
Q

Why does the epithelium of crypts need to be loose?

A

To allows for antigens to pass through the epithelium

OCB (16 decks)

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