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OCB > OCB04-2002 Skull & intracranial region > Flashcards

OCB04-2002 Skull & intracranial region Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main function of the cranium?

A

Protects our brain and sensory organs

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2
Q

What are the two divisions of the cranium called?

A

Neurocranium and viscerocranium

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3
Q

What is the neurocranium made up of?

A

Skull cap (calvaria), cranial base, intracranial region

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4
Q

How many bones make up the neurocranium?

A

8

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5
Q

What are the singular bones of the neurocranium?

A

Frontal
Ethmoidal
Sphenoidal
Occipital

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6
Q

What are the paired bones of the neurocranium?

A

Temporal

Parietal

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7
Q

What is the viscerocranium made up of?

A

The facial bones in the anterior part of the cranium

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8
Q

What are the singular bones of the viscerocranium?

A

Mandible and Vomer

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9
Q

What are the paired bones of the viscerocranium?

A 
Maxillae
Inferior nasal conchae
Zygomatic
Palatine
Nasal 
Lacrimal
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10
Q

What is the external part of the temporal bone called?

A

squamous part

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11
Q

What is the internal part of the temporal bone called?

A

petrous part

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12
Q

What is the pterion?

A

The joining of many bones in the skull- it is easily fractured

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13
Q

What is the smallest bone in the skull?

A

Lacrimal

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14
Q

Why is the sphenoid bone important?

A

It is the connection between the neurocranium and the viscerocranium

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15
Q

What is the function of the frontal bone?

A

Forms part of the top of the head, forehead and roof of the orbits

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16
Q

What is the function of the parietal bones?

A

Forms the lateral walls and roof of the cranium

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17
Q

What is the function of the occipital bone?

A

Represents the posterior region of the skull

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18
Q

What is the function of the temporal bones?

A

Forms the inferior lateral walls and part of the floor of the cranium

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19
Q

What is the function of the sphenoid bone?

A

Unites the cranial and facial bones

Articulates with every other cranial bone, palatine bones, zygomatic bones, maxillae and vomer

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20
Q

What is the function of the ethmoid bones?

A

Positioned between the orbits

Forms the roof of the nasal cavity, parts of the nasal septum, part of the medial wall of each orbit

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21
Q

What forms the nasal septum?

A

The perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and the vomer bone

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22
Q

What is the function of the maxilla bones?

A

they unite to form the upper jaw

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23
Q

What is the function of the palatine bones?

A

Form part of the hard palate, nasal cavity and eye orbit

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24
Q

What is the function of the zygomatic bones?

A

Cheekbones

Form the lateral wall of each orbit and cheeks

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25
Q

What is the function of the lacrimal bones?

A

Forms the medial wall of each orbit

Have a groove that provides a passageway for the tear duct, which drains into the nasal cavity

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26
Q

What is the function of the nasal bones?

A

Forms the bridge of the nose

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27
Q

What is the function of the vomer bone?

A

Forms the inferior part of the nasal septum

28
Q

What is the function of the inferior nasal conchae bones?

A

located in the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

Creates turbulence in inhaled air

29
Q

What is the function of the mandible bone?

A

Forms the entire lower jaw

30
Q

What counter part of the conchae bone is not part of the ethmoid bone?

A

The inferior conchae bone

31
Q

What foreman is for the entry of inferior alveolar nerve and vessels?

A

Mandibular foreamen

32
Q

What foreman is for the emergence of the inferior alveolar nerve to supply the skin?

A

Mental foreamen

33
Q

What are the articulations of the TMJ?

A

The head of the mandible articulates with the articular process of the temporal bone

34
Q

What does a sinus cavity contain?

A

Air and mucus that drains out through them through the nose

35
Q

What are the 4 main pairs of sinus cavities?

A

Frontal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Maxillary

36
Q

What kind of joints are sutures?

37
Q

How does the base of the skull articulate with the cervical spine?

A

Via the Occipital condyle

38
Q

Which is the cervical vertebrae is the largest?

39
Q

How do thoracic vertebrae differ from cervical vertebrae?

A

Thoracic vertebrae do not have openings on the side, instead they have transverse processes

40
Q

What are the 2 specialised cervical vertebrae?

A

Atlas (C1)

Axis (C2)

41
Q

How do C1 and C2 vertebrae differ from other cervical vertebrae

A

They lack spinal processes

42
Q

What is the top of the skull referred to?

A

Intracranial region

43
Q

What is the bottom of the skull referred to?

A

Base of the cranium

44
Q

What are the three cranial fossa?

A

Anterior
Middle
Posterior

45
Q

What is the anterior fossa defined by?

A

Frontal bone
Ethmoid
Lesser wing of the sphenoid

46
Q

What is the middle fossa define by?

A

Greater wing of the sphenoid

Petrous part of the temporal bone

47
Q

What is the posterior fossa defined by?

A

Temporal and occipital bone

48
Q

Why is the petrous part of the temporal bone so tough?

A

Protects the inner ear

49
Q

What is the sella turcica?

A

A saddle-like prominence that holds and protects the pituitary gland

50
Q

What two meninges can be seen by the naked eye?

A

Dura mater

Arachnoid mater

51
Q

What important artery runs beneath the pterion that supplies the meninges?

A

Middle Meningeal artery

52
Q

What is the main structure that passes through the foramen magnum?

A

Medulla/ spinal cord

53
Q

What is the falx cerebri?

A

A fold of the dura mater in the longitudinal fissure that separates the cerebral hemispheres

54
Q

What is the falx cerebelli?

A

It is a fold of the dura mater which separates the cerebellar hemispheres

55
Q

What is the tentorium cerebelli?

A

An extension of the dura mater that separates the cerebellum from the inferior portion of the occipital lobes

56
Q

What is the dural venous sinuses?

A

Spaces between periosteal and meningeal layers of dura containing venous blood

57
Q

Are valves present in the venous sinuses?

58
Q

Where does blood originate from in the venous sinuses?

A

From the brain and cranial cavity and drains via the internal jugular vein

59
Q

What is the circle of Willis?

A

The arterial blood supply to the brain

The arteries come from the internal carotid artery

60
Q

What is embedded in the cerebral hemispheres?

A

Cerebral ventricles

61
Q

What fluid fills the cerebral ventricles?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

62
Q

What are the two cerebral ventricles connected by?

A

the interventricular foramen

63
Q

Where is CSF formed?

A

The choroid Plexus

64
Q

How does CSF exit the ventricular system?

A

Via openings in the roof of the 4th ventricle into the sub-arachnoid space

65
Q

What is hydrocephalus

A

Condition in newborns where there is a blockage of the flow of CSF, so there is increased inter cranial pressure
Brain becomes squashed ad ventricles become larger

66
Q

Which part of the brain fits into the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Brainstem and cerebellum

67
Q

Which cranial bone is closely associated with the cavernous sinus?

A

Sphenoid bone

OCB (16 decks)

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