OCB04-2002 Skull & intracranial region

Question 1

What is the main function of the cranium?

Answer 1

Protects our brain and sensory organs

Question 2

What are the two divisions of the cranium called?

Answer 2

Neurocranium and viscerocranium

Question 3

What is the neurocranium made up of?

Answer 3

Skull cap (calvaria), cranial base, intracranial region

Question 4

How many bones make up the neurocranium?

Answer 4

8

Question 5

What are the singular bones of the neurocranium?

Answer 5

Frontal
Ethmoidal
Sphenoidal
Occipital

Question 6

What are the paired bones of the neurocranium?

Answer 6

Temporal

Parietal

Question 7

What is the viscerocranium made up of?

Answer 7

The facial bones in the anterior part of the cranium

Question 8

What are the singular bones of the viscerocranium?

Answer 8

Mandible and Vomer

Question 9

What are the paired bones of the viscerocranium?

Answer 9

Maxillae
Inferior nasal conchae
Zygomatic
Palatine
Nasal 
Lacrimal

Question 10

What is the external part of the temporal bone called?

Answer 10

squamous part

Question 11

What is the internal part of the temporal bone called?

Answer 11

petrous part

Question 12

What is the pterion?

Answer 12

The joining of many bones in the skull- it is easily fractured

Question 13

What is the smallest bone in the skull?

Answer 13

Lacrimal

Question 14

Why is the sphenoid bone important?

Answer 14

It is the connection between the neurocranium and the viscerocranium

Question 15

What is the function of the frontal bone?

Answer 15

Forms part of the top of the head, forehead and roof of the orbits

Question 16

What is the function of the parietal bones?

Answer 16

Forms the lateral walls and roof of the cranium

Question 17

What is the function of the occipital bone?

Answer 17

Represents the posterior region of the skull

Question 18

What is the function of the temporal bones?

Answer 18

Forms the inferior lateral walls and part of the floor of the cranium

Question 19

What is the function of the sphenoid bone?

Answer 19

Unites the cranial and facial bones

Articulates with every other cranial bone, palatine bones, zygomatic bones, maxillae and vomer

Question 20

What is the function of the ethmoid bones?

Answer 20

Positioned between the orbits

Forms the roof of the nasal cavity, parts of the nasal septum, part of the medial wall of each orbit

Question 21

What forms the nasal septum?

Answer 21

The perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and the vomer bone

Question 22

What is the function of the maxilla bones?

Answer 22

they unite to form the upper jaw

Question 23

What is the function of the palatine bones?

Answer 23

Form part of the hard palate, nasal cavity and eye orbit

Question 24

What is the function of the zygomatic bones?

Answer 24

Cheekbones

Form the lateral wall of each orbit and cheeks

Question 25

What is the function of the lacrimal bones?

Answer 25

Forms the medial wall of each orbit | Have a groove that provides a passageway for the tear duct, which drains into the nasal cavity

Question 26

What is the function of the nasal bones?

Answer 26

Forms the bridge of the nose

Question 27

What is the function of the vomer bone?

Answer 27

Forms the inferior part of the nasal septum

Question 28

What is the function of the inferior nasal conchae bones?

Answer 28

located in the lateral wall of the nasal cavity | Creates turbulence in inhaled air

Question 29

What is the function of the mandible bone?

Answer 29

Forms the entire lower jaw

Question 30

What counter part of the conchae bone is not part of the ethmoid bone?

Answer 30

The inferior conchae bone

Question 31

What foreman is for the entry of inferior alveolar nerve and vessels?

Answer 31

Mandibular foreamen

Question 32

What foreman is for the emergence of the inferior alveolar nerve to supply the skin?

Answer 32

Mental foreamen

Question 33

What are the articulations of the TMJ?

Answer 33

The head of the mandible articulates with the articular process of the temporal bone

Question 34

What does a sinus cavity contain?

Answer 34

Air and mucus that drains out through them through the nose

Question 35

What are the 4 main pairs of sinus cavities?

Answer 35

Frontal Ethmoid Sphenoid Maxillary

Question 36

What kind of joints are sutures?

Answer 36

Fibrous

Question 37

How does the base of the skull articulate with the cervical spine?

Answer 37

Via the Occipital condyle

Question 38

Which is the cervical vertebrae is the largest?

Answer 38

7th

Question 39

How do thoracic vertebrae differ from cervical vertebrae?

Answer 39

Thoracic vertebrae do not have openings on the side, instead they have transverse processes

Question 40

What are the 2 specialised cervical vertebrae?

Answer 40

Atlas (C1) | Axis (C2)

Question 41

How do C1 and C2 vertebrae differ from other cervical vertebrae

Answer 41

They lack spinal processes

Question 42

What is the top of the skull referred to?

Answer 42

Intracranial region

Question 43

What is the bottom of the skull referred to?

Answer 43

Base of the cranium

Question 44

What are the three cranial fossa?

Answer 44

Anterior Middle Posterior

Question 45

What is the anterior fossa defined by?

Answer 45

Frontal bone Ethmoid Lesser wing of the sphenoid

Question 46

What is the middle fossa define by?

Answer 46

Greater wing of the sphenoid | Petrous part of the temporal bone

Question 47

What is the posterior fossa defined by?

Answer 47

Temporal and occipital bone

Question 48

Why is the petrous part of the temporal bone so tough?

Answer 48

Protects the inner ear

Question 49

What is the sella turcica?

Answer 49

A saddle-like prominence that holds and protects the pituitary gland

Question 50

What two meninges can be seen by the naked eye?

Answer 50

Dura mater | Arachnoid mater

Question 51

What important artery runs beneath the pterion that supplies the meninges?

Answer 51

Middle Meningeal artery

Question 52

What is the main structure that passes through the foramen magnum?

Answer 52

Medulla/ spinal cord

Question 53

What is the falx cerebri?

Answer 53

A fold of the dura mater in the longitudinal fissure that separates the cerebral hemispheres

Question 54

What is the falx cerebelli?

Answer 54

It is a fold of the dura mater which separates the cerebellar hemispheres

Question 55

What is the tentorium cerebelli?

Answer 55

An extension of the dura mater that separates the cerebellum from the inferior portion of the occipital lobes

Question 56

What is the dural venous sinuses?

Answer 56

Spaces between periosteal and meningeal layers of dura containing venous blood

Question 57

Are valves present in the venous sinuses?

Answer 57

No

Question 58

Where does blood originate from in the venous sinuses?

Answer 58

From the brain and cranial cavity and drains via the internal jugular vein

Question 59

What is the circle of Willis?

Answer 59

The arterial blood supply to the brain | The arteries come from the internal carotid artery

Question 60

What is embedded in the cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 60

Cerebral ventricles

Question 61

What fluid fills the cerebral ventricles?

Answer 61

Cerebrospinal fluid

Question 62

What are the two cerebral ventricles connected by?

Answer 62

the interventricular foramen

Question 63

Where is CSF formed?

Answer 63

The choroid Plexus

Question 64

How does CSF exit the ventricular system?

Answer 64

Via openings in the roof of the 4th ventricle into the sub-arachnoid space

Question 65

What is hydrocephalus

Answer 65

Condition in newborns where there is a blockage of the flow of CSF, so there is increased inter cranial pressure Brain becomes squashed ad ventricles become larger

Question 66

Which part of the brain fits into the posterior cranial fossa?

Answer 66

Brainstem and cerebellum

Question 67

Which cranial bone is closely associated with the cavernous sinus?

Answer 67

Sphenoid bone