OCB03-2004 Divisions & general organisation of the brain & spinal cord

Question 1

What is a CNS neuron?

Answer 1

A neutron that is entirely contained within the brain and/or spinal cord

Question 2

What is a PNS neuron?

Answer 2

If any part of the neurone has projections outside of the brain/ spinal cord

Question 3

Why is grey matter grey?

Answer 3

Presence of cell bodies

Question 4

Why is white matter white?

Answer 4

Due to myelin sheath and glial cells

Question 5

What is the arrangement of grey and white matter in the spinal cord and brain?

Answer 5

The brain has grey matter on the outside and white matter on the inside
The spinal cord has white matter on the outside and grey matter on the inside

Question 6

What is grey matter concerned with?

Answer 6

processing and cognition

Question 7

What are the anatomical compartments of the ANS?

Answer 7

Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain
Spinal Cord

Question 8

What is the hindbrain divided into?

Answer 8

Pons
Cerebellum
Medulla

Question 9

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

Answer 9

31

Question 10

Where do spinal nerves exit through?

Answer 10

the intervertebral foramen between two vertebrae

Question 11

Where does the first spinal nerve emerge from?

Answer 11

Between the occipital bone and atlas

Question 12

what NS are spinal nerves part of?

Answer 12

PNS

Question 13

Which vertebrae does the spinal cord end at?

Answer 13

L1/L2

Question 14

Where do the other spinal nerves travel through after the spinal cord ends?

Answer 14

The lumbar cistern, which is the subarachnoid space in the lower lumbar spinal cord

Question 15

What is the part of the spinal cord after L1/L2 known as?

Answer 15

Cauda equina

Question 16

What is the caudal equine full of?

Answer 16

Spinal nerves and CSF

Question 17

What do nerves enter and leave the spinal cord as?

Answer 17

Rootlets

Question 18

What is the outer part of the cerebrum known as?

Answer 18

Cerebral cortex

Question 19

What are the ridges of the cerebrum known as?

Answer 19

Gyri, sulci and fissures

Question 20

How long is the central canal?

Answer 20

It runs the length of the spinal cord

Question 21

What ventricles of the brain does the cerebral aqueduct connect?

Answer 21

3rd and 4th ventricle

Question 22

What is CSF inside the ventricles made by?

Answer 22

Choroid plexus

Question 23

What is CSF reabsorbed by?

Answer 23

Back into the venous bloodstream

Question 24

What occurs if the CSF is not reabsorbed back into the venous bloodstream?

Answer 24

Hydrocephalus

Question 25

What occurs during hydrocephalus?

Answer 25

As the CSF builds up, it pushes the cortex outwards, the cortex pushes against the skull plates
The skull plates are ye to fuse in babies so the head grows larger

Question 26

How is hydrocephalus treated?

Answer 26

A stent is placed to remove excess CSF

Question 27

What are the 3 layers of the CNS meninges from inner to outer?

Answer 27

Pia mater
Arachnoid mater
Dura Mater

Question 28

What is the function of the subarachnoid space?

Answer 28

The CSF leaves the ventricles of the brain and exits into this space

Question 29

Where is the subarachnoid space?

Answer 29

Between the Pia mater and arachnid mater

Question 30

What is the Pia mater?

Answer 30

The innermost meningeal layer that allows entry of blood vessels into the CNS

Question 31

What is the arachnoid mater?

Answer 31

Middle meningeal layer

Forms to upper limit of the subarachnoid space

Question 32

What is the dura mater?

Answer 32

Outer meningeal layer

Closely attached to the periosteum of the cranium

Question 33

When the CSF is reabsorbed by venous blood, where does it go?

Answer 33

From the sub arachnoid space into the superior sagittal sinus

Question 34

What is the superior sagittal sinus full of?

Answer 34

Deoxygenated blood bacteria from the heart

Question 35

What are the arachnoid specialisations that project into the sub arachnoid space called?

Answer 35

Arachnoid granulation