OCB04-2004 Face and Scalp Flashcards
What are the 3 branches of trigeminal nerve?
Opthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular
Which of the trigeminal branches are sensory or motor?
v1: sensory
v2: sensory
v3: mixed
Where does the ophthalmic branch pass through?
Superior orbital fissure
Where does the maxillary branch pass through?
Foramen rotundum
Where does the mandibular branch pass through?
Foreamen ovale
What is the only moveable facial joint?
TMJ
What cavity does the trigeminal ganglion occupy?
Meckel’s cave
Where is the Meckel’s cave located?
In the dura mater near the apex of the petrous part of the temporal bone
What is V1 sensory to?
Skin of most of the forehead
Conjunctivia and upper eye lid
Bridge of the nose and frontal sinus
Antero-superior nasal cavity
What is the v2 branch sensory to?
Skin of the cheek, upper lip
upper teeth, gums, hard and soft palate, maxillary sinus, posterior- inferior nasal cavity
What is the v3 branch of the trigeminal nerve sensory to?
Skin of the temple
And most of the skin over the lower jaw
What area of skin of the lower jaw is not innervated by v3?
Skin over the angle of the jaw
What is v3 branch motor to?
Muscles of mastication and tensor tympani, tensor palatine and anterior belly of digastric
What does v3 enter the mandibular bone through?
Mandibular foreamen
What is the plexus of the maxillary nerve called?
Superior dental plexus
What is the plexus of the mandibular nerve called?
inferior dental plexus
What is trigeminal neuralgia?
pain coming from the trigeminal nerve
Sudden severe pains that come from one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve
That usually affects one side of the face
What branches are most commonly affected in trigeminal neuralgia?
The second and third branches so pain is around the cheek or jaw
What is trigeminal neuralgia caused by?
Movement of a blood vessel, which is often due to inflammation, which consequently presses on the root of the nerve
What drug is used to calm the pain in trigeminal neuralgia?
carbamezepine
which is an anticonvulsant,
What occurs if carbamezepine is ineffective?
Surgical management which involves a craniotomy at the dural sinus, where there is relief of pressure and subsequently pain
What are the further branches of v1 called?
Supraorbital and Supratrochlear branches
What are the further branches of v2 called?
Infraorbital branch
What are the further branches of v3 called?
Mental (lower jaw)
Auriculotemporal (ears)
What branches off the right side of the aortic arch?
Brachiocephalic artery
What does the brachiocephalic artery further divide to?
Right subclavian artery and right common carotid artery
What does the left side of the aortic branch divide to?
Left common carotid and left subclavian artery
What do the common carotid arteries split to form?
internal and external carotid arteries
What level does the common carotid split at?
C4
What does the internal carotid artery supply?
Brain
What does the external carotid artery supply?
Face and head
What does the external carotid artery branch off to form?
Internal maxillary artery
What does the infraorbital artery supply?
Skin of the orbital area
What does the greater palatine artery supply?
Roof of the mouth
What branches off the internal maxillary artery?
Middle meningeal artery
Inferior alveolar artery
How does the inferior alveolar artery enter the mouth?
Mandibular foreamen
Where does the facial artery branch from?
External carotid artery
What are the names of the facial muscles?
Frontalis Occipitalis Orbicularis oculi Orbicularis oris Buccinator Zygomaticus Platysma
What muscles make up the epicranius?
Frontalis and occipitalis
What action does the frontal and occipitals perform?
Raising eyebrows
What action does orbiculares oculi perform?
Blinks and closes eyes
What action does the orbiculares oris perform?
Closes and protrudes lips
Wha action does the buccinator perform?
Flatten cheek against teeth
What action does the zygomaticus perform?
Raises corner of mouth
What action does the platysma perform?
Draws mouth downwards
How do facial muscles differ from other muscles?
Most muscles have 2 bony attachments- however the muscles of the face may have a bony attachment but the insertion is into the skin
What are the 5 branches of the facial nerve?
Temporal Zygomatic Buccal Mandibular Cervical
What is Bell’s palsy?
The paralysis of the muscles on one side of the face due to swelling of the facial nerve
How do you treat Bell’s palsy?
It slowly improves or completely goes away in one to three month
Most people recover, but some are left with weakness on one side of the face
Why may swelling of the parotid gland be painful?
Results in mumps
Parotid contains terminal branches of the facial nerve
What does the scalp consist of?
Skin Dense connective tissue Occipital-frontalis Aponeurosis Loose connective tissue Periosteum
What is the cutaneous innervation of the scalp via?
Supraorbital nerve of V1 of trigeminal nerve supplies the front
Auriculotemporal nerve of V3 of trigeminal nerve supplies the side
Greater occipital nerve of C2 supplies the back
Less occipital nerve of C2 supplies the side
What is the arterial supply of the scalp via?
Superficial temporal artery
Supraorbital artery
Occipital and posterior auricular arteries
What is Panda eyes?
The loose connective tissue running in the occipital-frontalis muscle allows bacteria or fluid to pass freely from the posterior aspect of the scalp into the eyelids in the front
Trauma in the back of the head can result in blood showing up in the eyelids
How does blood get around the eyes in Panda’s eyes?
It passes freely from the posterior aspect of the scalp to the eyelids
Why is mumps so painful?
The parotid glands has terminal branches in the facial nerve
What nerve is at risk in operations on the parotid gland?
Facial
In a newborn, what reflex is absent if the facial nerve is damaged?
Corneal
How would you test the facial nerve?
By performing voluntary facial movements, e.g. smiling, frowning, closing eyes tightly, etc. and assessing the symmetry on the face.
