OCB04-2003 Cranial nerves Overview

Question 1

What are cranial nerves attached to?

Answer 1

The forebrain and brainstem

Question 2

What are spinal nerves attached to?

Answer 2

The spinal cord

Question 3

Which part of the spinal cord does sensory information come from the periphery?

Answer 3

The dorsal part

Question 4

Which part of the spinal cord do motor neurons receive information from the cortex?

Answer 4

Ventral part

Question 5

What is the cranial nerve pathway? Use trigeminal as an example

Answer 5

There is trigeminal ganglion in the brain which will go into the sensory nucleus in the brainstem- this ganglion is equivalent to the dorsal root ganglion outside the spinal cord

Question 6

What is the name of each cranial nerve?

Answer 6

I Olfactory
II Optic
III Oculomotor
IV Trochlear
V Trigeminal
VI Abducens
VII Facial
VIII Vestibulocochlear
IX Glossopharyngeal
X Vagus
XI Accessory
XII Hypoglossal

Question 7

Which cranial nerves originate from the brainstem?

Answer 7

All except I, II and IX

Question 8

Where does the olfactory nerve originate?

Answer 8

From the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone, which will enter the forebrain

Question 9

What is the difference between the optic nerve and optic tract?

Answer 9

Optic nerve only has visual information coming from one eye as it lies before the optic chiasm
The optic tract has sensory visual information coming from both eyes as the fibres have decussated after the chiasm

Question 10

Which cranial nerves emerge from the anterior portion of the brain?

Answer 10

I Olfactory
II Optic
III Oculumotor
IV Trochlear

Question 11

Which cranial nerves emerge from the pons?

Answer 11

V Trigeminal
VI Abducens
VII Facial

Question 12

Wher does the vestibulocochlear nerve arise and go to?

Answer 12

Arises in the inner ear and goes to the pons

Question 13

Which nerves arise from the medulla oblongata?

Answer 13

IX Glossopharyngeal
X Vagus
XI Accessory
XII Hypoglossal

Question 14

Why are there no synapses in the ganglion?

Answer 14

They are just a collection of cell bodies of sensory neurons

Question 15

Where do the two optic nerves cross over at?

Answer 15

The level of the optic chiasm

Question 16

What nerves is the ethmoid bone associated with?

Answer 16

The olfactory nerve, where the neuron lies in the cribriform plate

Question 17

What nerves are associated with the sphenoid bone?

Answer 17

Everything associated with the eye and movement
Optic, oculomotor, trochlear and abducens
Also the trigeminal nerve runs through it

Question 18

What nerves are associated with the temporal bone?

Answer 18

With hearing where the vestibulocochlear nerve runs through

Also has the glossopharyngeal, vagus and spinal accessory nerve running through

Question 19

What nerves are associated with the occipital bone?

Answer 19

The hypoglossal nerve runs through the foramen magnum

Question 20

Which nerves are sensory only?

Answer 20

I Olfactory
II Optic
VIII Vestibulocochlear

Question 21

Which nerves are motor only?

Answer 21

III Oculomotor
IV Trochlear
VI Abducens
XI Accessory
XII Hypoglossal

Question 22

Which nerves are both motor and sensory?

Answer 22

V Trigeminal
VII Facial
IX Glossopharyngeal
X Vagus

Question 23

What is associated with sensory only fibres?

Answer 23

Afferent

Question 24

What is associated with motor only fibres?

Answer 24

Efferent

Question 25

What functions do cranial nerves allow us to carry out?

Answer 25

``` Chewing and swallowing Talking Looking Non-verbal communication Hearing ```

Question 26

What is the cutaneous sensory supply of the cranial nerves?

Answer 26

Scalp Face neck

Question 27

What is the non-cutaneous regions of the sensory supply?

Answer 27

``` Oral cavity Cornea Nasal Cavity Paranasal sinus Pharynx Larynx Tympanic membrane ```

Question 28

What is the motor supply of the cranial nerves to?

Answer 28

``` Muscles of facial expression Muscles of mastication Extra-ocular muscles Muscles of the tongue Muscles of pharynx and larynx Cervical muscles ```

Question 29

What cranial nerves supply presynaptic parasympathetic fibres?

Answer 29

Oculomotor nerve Facial nerve Glossopharyngeal nerve Vagus nerve

Question 30

What is in the anterior cranial fossa?

Answer 30

Cribriform plate Optic Foramen Superior orbital fissure

Question 31

What runs through the cribriform plate?

Answer 31

Olfactory nerve | Mengines

Question 32

What runs through the optic canal?

Answer 32

Optic nerve | Opthalmic artery

Question 33

What runs through the superior orbital fissure?

Answer 33

III Oculomotor IV Trochlear V1 trigmeninal- ophthalmic branch VI Abducens

Question 34

What foramen is in the middle cranial fossa?

Answer 34

``` Foramen rotundum Foramen ovale Foramen Spinosum Foramen lacerum Carotid canal Internal acoustic meatus ```

Question 35

What runs through foramen rotundum?

Answer 35

Maxillary v2 of trigmeninal

Question 36

What runs through foramen ovale?

Answer 36

Mandibular V3 of trigeminal nerve

Question 37

What runs through foramen spinosum?

Answer 37

Middle meningeal artery

Question 38

What runs through foramen lacerum?

Answer 38

Crossed by internal carotid artery

Question 39

What runs through the internal acoustic meatus?

Answer 39

VII Facial VIII Vestibulocochlear Labyrinthine artery

Question 40

What foramen are in the posterior cranial fossa?

Answer 40

Jugular foramen Hypoglossal foramen Foramen magnum

Question 41

What passes through the jugular foramen?

Answer 41

``` IX Glossopharyngeal X Vagus XI Accessory Inferior petrosal sinus Sigmoid sinus ```

Question 42

What passes through the hypoglossal foramen ?

Answer 42

XII hypoglossal

Question 43

What passes through the foramen magnum?

Answer 43

Medulla oblongata

Question 44

What are the special sense nerves?

Answer 44

I Olfactory II Optic VIII Auditory

Question 45

What are the somatic motor nerves?

Answer 45

IV Trochlear VI Abducens III Oculomotor XII Hypoglossal

Question 46

Where do the oculomotor nerve have a parasympathetic function to?

Answer 46

The ciliary muscles and constrictor pupillae

Question 47

What are the 'rest of body nerves'?

Answer 47

X Vagus XI Spinal accessory IX Glossopharyngeal

Question 48

Where do the rest of body nerves all exit through?

Answer 48

Through jugular foramen

Question 49

How many branches of the facial nerve fan over the face?

Answer 49

5

Question 50

Where do the branches of the facial nerve span from?

Answer 50

the stylomastoid foramen

Question 51

What are the five branches of the facial nerve called?

Answer 51

``` Temporal Zygomatic Buccal Mandibular Cervical ```

Question 52

What is the chorda tympani?

Answer 52

A nerve that branches from the facial nerve inside the facial canal, just before the facial nerve exits the skull via the stylomastoid foramen

Question 53

What is the function of the function of the chorda tympani?

Answer 53

Provides taste to anterior 2/3 of the tongue Innervates submandibular, sublingual salivary glands Innervates lacrimal glands

Question 54

How many branches of the trigeminal nerve are there?

Answer 54

3

Question 55

What are the names of the trigmeninal branches?

Answer 55

Ophthalmic Maxillary Mandibular

Question 56

What is the function of the opthalmic branch?

Answer 56

Sensory to forehead and nasal cavity

Question 57

Where does the ophthalmic branch exit?

Answer 57

SOF

Question 58

What is the maxillary branch sensory to?

Answer 58

Cheek Upper lip Teeth Nasal Cavity

Question 59

Where does the maxillary branch exit?

Answer 59

The foramen rotundum

Question 60

Where does the mandibular branch exit?

Answer 60

Foramen Ovale

Question 61

What is the mandibular branch sensory to?

Answer 61

Chin and tongue

Question 62

What is the mandibular branch motor to?

Answer 62

Jaw muscles

Question 63

What is the trigeminal ganglion also called?

Answer 63

Semi lunar | Gasserion ganglion

Question 64

What cranial nerve is the largest?

Answer 64

V Trigeminal

Question 65

Which cranial nerve is the only one that exits the "posterior" side of the brainstem?

Answer 65

IV Trochlear

Question 66

How many cranial nerves are responsible for eye movements?

Answer 66

Trochlear Oculomotor Abducens

Question 67

What does "abducens" refer to?

Answer 67

It refers to the movement of abduction, where the Abducens nerve carries motor impulses to the lateral rectus eye muscle which moves the eye laterally, causing abduction of the eye

Question 68

Which cranial nerves carry gustatory (taste) information?

Answer 68

VII Facial IX Glossopharyngeal X Vagus

Question 69

Which cranial nerve is the longest?

Answer 69

X Vagus

Question 70

What two cranial nerves carry sensory information about blood pressure to the brain?

Answer 70

IX Glossopharyngeal | X Vagus

Question 71

Which cranial nerve is responsible for pupillary constriction?

Answer 71

III Oculomotor nerve