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OCB > OCB04-2003 Cranial nerves Overview > Flashcards

OCB04-2003 Cranial nerves Overview Flashcards

1
Q

What are cranial nerves attached to?

A

The forebrain and brainstem

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2
Q

What are spinal nerves attached to?

A

The spinal cord

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3
Q

Which part of the spinal cord does sensory information come from the periphery?

A

The dorsal part

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4
Q

Which part of the spinal cord do motor neurons receive information from the cortex?

A

Ventral part

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5
Q

What is the cranial nerve pathway? Use trigeminal as an example

A

There is trigeminal ganglion in the brain which will go into the sensory nucleus in the brainstem- this ganglion is equivalent to the dorsal root ganglion outside the spinal cord

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6
Q

What is the name of each cranial nerve?

A 
I Olfactory
II Optic
III Oculomotor
IV Trochlear
V Trigeminal
VI Abducens
VII Facial
VIII Vestibulocochlear
IX Glossopharyngeal
X Vagus
XI Accessory
XII Hypoglossal
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7
Q

Which cranial nerves originate from the brainstem?

A

All except I, II and IX

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8
Q

Where does the olfactory nerve originate?

A

From the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone, which will enter the forebrain

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9
Q

What is the difference between the optic nerve and optic tract?

A

Optic nerve only has visual information coming from one eye as it lies before the optic chiasm
The optic tract has sensory visual information coming from both eyes as the fibres have decussated after the chiasm

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10
Q

Which cranial nerves emerge from the anterior portion of the brain?

A

I Olfactory
II Optic
III Oculumotor
IV Trochlear

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11
Q

Which cranial nerves emerge from the pons?

A

V Trigeminal
VI Abducens
VII Facial

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12
Q

Wher does the vestibulocochlear nerve arise and go to?

A

Arises in the inner ear and goes to the pons

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13
Q

Which nerves arise from the medulla oblongata?

A

IX Glossopharyngeal
X Vagus
XI Accessory
XII Hypoglossal

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14
Q

Why are there no synapses in the ganglion?

A

They are just a collection of cell bodies of sensory neurons

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15
Q

Where do the two optic nerves cross over at?

A

The level of the optic chiasm

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16
Q

What nerves is the ethmoid bone associated with?

A

The olfactory nerve, where the neuron lies in the cribriform plate

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17
Q

What nerves are associated with the sphenoid bone?

A

Everything associated with the eye and movement
Optic, oculomotor, trochlear and abducens
Also the trigeminal nerve runs through it

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18
Q

What nerves are associated with the temporal bone?

A

With hearing where the vestibulocochlear nerve runs through

Also has the glossopharyngeal, vagus and spinal accessory nerve running through

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19
Q

What nerves are associated with the occipital bone?

A

The hypoglossal nerve runs through the foramen magnum

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20
Q

Which nerves are sensory only?

A

I Olfactory
II Optic
VIII Vestibulocochlear

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21
Q

Which nerves are motor only?

A 
III Oculomotor
IV Trochlear
VI Abducens
XI Accessory
XII Hypoglossal
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22
Q

Which nerves are both motor and sensory?

A

V Trigeminal
VII Facial
IX Glossopharyngeal
X Vagus

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23
Q

What is associated with sensory only fibres?

A

Afferent

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24
Q

What is associated with motor only fibres?

A

Efferent

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25
Q

What functions do cranial nerves allow us to carry out?

A 
Chewing and swallowing
Talking
Looking
Non-verbal communication
Hearing
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26
Q

What is the cutaneous sensory supply of the cranial nerves?

A

Scalp
Face
neck

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27
Q

What is the non-cutaneous regions of the sensory supply?

A 
Oral cavity
Cornea
Nasal Cavity
Paranasal sinus
Pharynx 
Larynx
Tympanic membrane
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28
Q

What is the motor supply of the cranial nerves to?

A 
Muscles of facial expression
Muscles of mastication 
Extra-ocular muscles
Muscles of the tongue
Muscles of pharynx and larynx
Cervical muscles
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29
Q

What cranial nerves supply presynaptic parasympathetic fibres?

A

Oculomotor nerve
Facial nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Vagus nerve

30
Q

What is in the anterior cranial fossa?

A

Cribriform plate
Optic Foramen
Superior orbital fissure

31
Q

What runs through the cribriform plate?

A

Olfactory nerve

Mengines

32
Q

What runs through the optic canal?

A

Optic nerve

Opthalmic artery

33
Q

What runs through the superior orbital fissure?

A

III Oculomotor
IV Trochlear
V1 trigmeninal- ophthalmic branch
VI Abducens

34
Q

What foramen is in the middle cranial fossa?

A 
Foramen rotundum
Foramen ovale
Foramen Spinosum 
Foramen lacerum
Carotid canal 
Internal acoustic meatus
35
Q

What runs through foramen rotundum?

A

Maxillary v2 of trigmeninal

36
Q

What runs through foramen ovale?

A

Mandibular V3 of trigeminal nerve

37
Q

What runs through foramen spinosum?

A

Middle meningeal artery

38
Q

What runs through foramen lacerum?

A

Crossed by internal carotid artery

39
Q

What runs through the internal acoustic meatus?

A

VII Facial
VIII Vestibulocochlear
Labyrinthine artery

40
Q

What foramen are in the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Jugular foramen
Hypoglossal foramen
Foramen magnum

41
Q

What passes through the jugular foramen?

A 
IX Glossopharyngeal
X Vagus
XI Accessory 
Inferior petrosal sinus
Sigmoid sinus
42
Q

What passes through the hypoglossal foramen ?

A

XII hypoglossal

43
Q

What passes through the foramen magnum?

A

Medulla oblongata

44
Q

What are the special sense nerves?

A

I Olfactory
II Optic
VIII Auditory

45
Q

What are the somatic motor nerves?

A

IV Trochlear
VI Abducens
III Oculomotor
XII Hypoglossal

46
Q

Where do the oculomotor nerve have a parasympathetic function to?

A

The ciliary muscles and constrictor pupillae

47
Q

What are the ‘rest of body nerves’?

A

X Vagus
XI Spinal accessory
IX Glossopharyngeal

48
Q

Where do the rest of body nerves all exit through?

A

Through jugular foramen

49
Q

How many branches of the facial nerve fan over the face?

50
Q

Where do the branches of the facial nerve span from?

A

the stylomastoid foramen

51
Q

What are the five branches of the facial nerve called?

A 
Temporal 
Zygomatic 
Buccal 
Mandibular 
Cervical
52
Q

What is the chorda tympani?

A

A nerve that branches from the facial nerve inside the facial canal, just before the facial nerve exits the skull via the stylomastoid foramen

53
Q

What is the function of the function of the chorda tympani?

A

Provides taste to anterior 2/3 of the tongue
Innervates submandibular, sublingual salivary glands
Innervates lacrimal glands

54
Q

How many branches of the trigeminal nerve are there?

55
Q

What are the names of the trigmeninal branches?

A

Ophthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular

56
Q

What is the function of the opthalmic branch?

A

Sensory to forehead and nasal cavity

57
Q

Where does the ophthalmic branch exit?

58
Q

What is the maxillary branch sensory to?

A

Cheek
Upper lip
Teeth
Nasal Cavity

59
Q

Where does the maxillary branch exit?

A

The foramen rotundum

60
Q

Where does the mandibular branch exit?

A

Foramen Ovale

61
Q

What is the mandibular branch sensory to?

A

Chin and tongue

62
Q

What is the mandibular branch motor to?

A

Jaw muscles

63
Q

What is the trigeminal ganglion also called?

A

Semi lunar

Gasserion ganglion

64
Q

What cranial nerve is the largest?

A

V Trigeminal

65
Q

Which cranial nerve is the only one that exits the “posterior” side of the brainstem?

A

IV Trochlear

66
Q

How many cranial nerves are responsible for eye movements?

A

Trochlear
Oculomotor
Abducens

67
Q

What does “abducens” refer to?

A

It refers to the movement of abduction, where the Abducens nerve carries motor impulses to the lateral rectus eye muscle which moves the eye laterally, causing abduction of the eye

68
Q

Which cranial nerves carry gustatory (taste) information?

A

VII Facial
IX Glossopharyngeal
X Vagus

69
Q

Which cranial nerve is the longest?

70
Q

What two cranial nerves carry sensory information about blood pressure to the brain?

A

IX Glossopharyngeal

X Vagus

71
Q

Which cranial nerve is responsible for pupillary constriction?

A

III Oculomotor nerve

OCB (16 decks)

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