OC 4 - screening programmes Flashcards
What are the 3 classifications of prevention?
- primary prevention
- secondary prevention
- tertiary prevention
What is primary prevention?
prevents a disease from developing e.g. risk factor education
What is secondary prevention?
to detect disease while it is localised or ‘early’ e.g. detection of early/localised cancer
What is tertiary prevention?
to mitigate the morbidity from established disease and to improve quality of life e.g. maintaining oral health of remaining dentition, continuing risk factor education etc.
What are the 3 types of population screening programmes?
- mass screening
- selective e.g. cervical cancers women 25yo-74yo
- opportunistic e.g. patient presenting voluntarily to dentist
For a test to be used by the population, what does the sensitivity and specificity need to be?
80% +
What is sensitivity?
the proportion of the population who are correctly classified as having the disease
What is specificity?
the proportion of the population correctly classified as disease-free
How do you calculate sensitivity?
True positive / True positive + false negative
How do you calculate specificity?
True negative / True negative + false positive
What is lichen planus?
an autoimmune condition that can manifest in the oral mucosa etc, can be white patches, ulcerated patches etc
What is the association between the size of a lesion and malignant progression?
larger the lesion, the higher chance of becoming malignant
Order white, red and, speckled patches in decreasing order of association with malignancy
red -> speckled -> white
(highest risk —> lowest risk)
Are males or females are higher risk of malignant progression in OPMD (oral potentially malignant disorders)?
females
What can oral cancer look like?
- red patch
- white patch
- red/white speckled patch
- ulcer
- indurated margins
- endophytic and exophytic lesions
