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BDS Module 4 > M+O 4 - mechanoreception > Flashcards

M+O 4 - mechanoreception Flashcards

1
Q

What is mechanoreception?

A

detection of mechanical stimuli

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2
Q

What is adequate stimulus for mechanoreceptors?

A

mechanical distortion
- pressure
- vibration
- tension

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3
Q

What is exteroception?

A

give information about things coming into contact with the body

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4
Q

What is proprioception?

A

awareness of position

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5
Q

What is touch?

A

the sensory experience when mechanoreceptors are excited - involves central nervous system

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6
Q

Where can you find oro-facial mechanoreceptors?

A
  • mucosa (and skin)
  • periodontal ligament
  • muscles
  • joints
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7
Q

What do mechanoreceptors in the mucosa and skin tell us?

A
  • food texture etc
  • important for mastication
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8
Q

What do mechanoreceptors in the PDL tell us?

A
  • forces on teeth
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9
Q

What do mechanoreceptors in the muscles tell us?

A

muscle length (muscle spindles)

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10
Q

What do mechanoreceptors in the joints tell us?

A

joint position and movement

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11
Q

What is the effect of stimulation of mechanoreceptors?

A
  • sensation of touch
  • reflexes e.g. jaw muscle reflexes, salivary reflexes
  • interact/modulate other sensory modalities:
    • the effect of rubbing a painful area - gate control
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12
Q

What are classifications of mechanoreceptors?

A
  • physiological classification:
    • adaption properties
    • receptive field size
  • anatomical classification
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13
Q

What does it mean if a mechanoreceptors is rapidly adapting?

A

adapts to force, gives information about something changing

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14
Q

What does it mean if a mechanoreceptors is slow adapting?

A

doesn’t adapt, carries on firing the whole time force is being applied

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15
Q

What are the 4 classes of mechanoreceptors?

A
  • RA I
  • RA II
  • SA I
  • SA II
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16
Q

What mechanoreceptor class has a small receptive field and rapid adaptation?

A

RA I

17
Q

What mechanoreceptor class has a large receptive field and rapid adaptation?

A

RA II

18
Q

What mechanoreceptor class has a small receptive field and slow adaptation?

A

SA I

19
Q

What mechanoreceptor class has a large receptive field and slow adaptation?

A

SA II

20
Q

What is an example of an RA I mechanoreceptor?

A

meissner’s corpuscle

21
Q

What is an example of an RA II mechanoreceptor?

A

pacinian corpuscle

22
Q

What is an example of an SA I mechanoreceptor?

A

merkel cells

23
Q

What is an example of an SA II mechanoreceptor?

A

ruffini ending

24
Q

What kind of nerve endings/mechanoreceptors are in the PDL?

A

ruffini (SA II)

25
Q

Why is it easy to localise PDLM activation to a specific tooth?

A

no branched axons between adjacent teeth PDLs (unlike pulpal pain - axon supplying multiple teeth)

26
Q

What provides PDLMs with adequate stimulus?

A
  • tension in the PDL due to pressure applied to tooth
  • tooth move around a fulcrum
  • tension causing nerves to be activated
27
Q

What does the amount of PDLM activity depend on?

A
  • direction of applied force
  • magnitude of force
  • adaptation properties
  • threshold of the receptors
  • position of receptors in PDL
28
Q

PDLMs are very sensitive, what forces can they be activated by?

A

<0.1N

29
Q

What is the adaptation and threshold of PDLMs like apically?

A
  • slowly adapting
  • low threshold
30
Q

What is the adaptation and threshold of PDLMs like cervically?

A
  • rapidly adapting
  • high threshold
31
Q

Why do the receptors have different properties apically and cervically?

A
  • linked to position relative to fulcrum
32
Q

How much tooth movement is enough to activate PDL mechanoreceptors and cause a reflex/response pathway?

A

8.5 um (microns)

33
Q

What are the 4 stages of a sensory pathway?

A
  1. mechanoreception
    - transduction of stimulus
    - propagation along primary afferent nerve
  2. processing at first synapse
    • trigeminal nucleus
  3. processing in thalamus
  4. conscious perception
    • somatosensory cortex
34
Q

What are the primary afferent cell bodies of the trigeminal pathways?

A
  • V ganglion
  • mesencephalic nucleus (PDL)
35
Q

Where do trigeminal pathways synapse?

A
  • mainly in main sensory nucleus
  • project to spinal V nuclei as well
36
Q

Where do trigeminal pathways project to?

A

sensory cortex via thalamus

37
Q

What does surround inhibition do?

A

“sharpens” touch perception - gets rid of blurs at the edges

38
Q

Where does surround inhibition occur?

A

during processing at the first synapse - pre-synaptic inhibition

BDS Module 4 (65 decks)

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