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BDS Module 4 > CFD 15 - odontogenesis 2b > Flashcards

CFD 15 - odontogenesis 2b Flashcards

1
Q

What is tooth shape determined by?

A
  • differential rates of cell division/maturation
  • NOT by forced within the papilla, however…
  • signal for tooth shape from the dental papilla
  • (evidence from recombination studies)
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2
Q

What produces the signals for tooth shape?

A

the dental papilla (mesenchyme)

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3
Q

In terms of tooth shape determination, what does the IEE do?

A
  • IEE proliferates down to form root tissues
  • certain IEE cells start to mature, and the type of tooth being formed determines how quickly they mature, and where and when they mature

i.e. incisor - one area will mature, molar - multiple areas will mature (think of cusps)

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4
Q

What transcription factors determine what sort of tooth is found where?

A

MSX-1, MSX-2, Dlx1/2, Bart-1 and Alx-3

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5
Q

What transcription factor MUST be switched on for tooth development to occur?

A

PITX2

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6
Q

What transcription facts are in excess out towards the edge of the jaw?

A

things such as Dlx-1/2 of Barx-1

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7
Q

What transcription facts are in excess towards the centre of the jaw?

A

MSX-1, MSX-2 and a bit of Alx-3

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8
Q

Expression of what transcription factor drives incisor development?

A

MSX-1

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9
Q

Expression of what transcription factor drives molar type development?

A

Barx-1 and Dlx-1/2

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10
Q

What happens if Dlx-1/2 is knocked out?

A

no maxillary molars

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11
Q

What happens if Barx-1 is over-expressed?

A

whole jaw covered in molars

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12
Q

If Shh gene is over-expressed, what is this a major determinant of?

A

where teeth will develop
- over-expressed in areas of thr dental epithelium and controls a lot of what happens within the epithelium
- doesn’t really effect what happens within the dental ectomesenchyme - this is usually left to things like Wnt

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13
Q

When will Wnt signalling get switched on?

A

at a later point during bud to cap stage

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14
Q

What is the importance of Wnt during the bud to cap stage?

A

important as tooth shape is determined between bud and cap stage- will know tooth being formed by the end of cap stage
- Wnt signalling very important during this process

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15
Q

What does inhibiting activity of one of the Wnt signalling pathways lead to?

A

the arrest of tooth morphogenesis

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16
Q

What can happen if Wnt is over-stimulated via use of Beta catenin?

A

can get stimulation in the oral epithelium (not the dental epithelium), which results in dozens of extra teeth being formed

17
Q

What do secondary enamel knots lead to?

A

the maturation and decreasing the proliferation within the cells

18
Q

What are the important growth factors in tooth development?

A
  • BMP
  • Shh: within the epithelium
  • Wnt: within the mesenchyme which is going to affect the way that the cells differentiate and mineralise
19
Q

When does the reduced enamel epithelium form?

A

when enamel formation is complete

20
Q

What is the reduced enamel epithelium derived from?

A
  • reduced ameloblasts
  • other remnants of the enamel organ:
    • OEE, SR, SI
21
Q

When the ameloblast later, stellate reticulum, stratum intermedium, and outer enamel epithelium start to fuse, what is this now referred to as?

A

the reduced enamel epithelium

22
Q

What does the reduced enamel epithelium secrete?

A

proteases that facilitate the break down of the connective tissue to form an eruption pathway during the early signalling of eruption

23
Q

What do the reduced enamel epithelium and the dental follicle interact to do?

A

recruit monocytes that differentiate into osteoclasts, and subsequently can accelerate connective tissue degradation and bone resorption as the tooth erupts

24
Q

What do the reduced enamel epithelium and dental follicle play key roles in?

A

bone resorption during an eruption
- the coordinated molecular mechanisms between these tissues are not well understood

25
Q

What are the 3 roles of the reduced enamel epithelium?

A
  1. protection of enamel surface from:
    - resorption
    - prevention of cementum formation
  2. provide an epithelial lined pathway for eruption
  3. forms initial junctional epithelium
26
Q

What happens to the reduced enamel epithelium as the tooth moves towards eruption?

A
  • the reduced enamel epithelium fuses with the oral cavity basal lamina
  • there will be cell death, and then the reduced enamel epithelium forms the junctional epithelium
  • this is probably why the junctional epithelium is quite leaky
27
Q

Why is there no bleeding during tooth eruption?

A

due to the fusion between the different epithelial cells

28
Q

What are the successional dental laminae?

A
  • secondary dentition is going to from behind the primary dentition
  • the primary tooth is forming, and the permanent tooth is also going to come off that dental lamina
29
Q

What side of the primary tooth do the successional dental laminae usually go to?

A

usually goes to the lingual side of the tooth

  • if it goes to the labial side it is known as a tooth gland lamina and it’s probably a vestige of reptilian venom glands
30
Q

What dental developmental disturbances can occur during the initiation stage of tooth development?

A
  • anodontia (teeth missing)
  • supernumerary tooth/teeth (extra teeth)
31
Q

What dental developmental disturbances can occur during the bud stage of tooth development?

A

microdontia or macrodontia

32
Q

What dental developmental disturbances can occur during the cap stage of tooth development?

A
  • Dens in dente
  • fusion
  • germination
33
Q

What is hypodontia?

A

tooth loss (except third molars)

34
Q

What is oligodontia?

A

more than 6 teeth missing

35
Q

What i anodontia?

A

all teeth missing (extremely rare)

36
Q

What is dens in dente?

A
  • when enamel organ invaginates into the dental papilla
  • commonly effects the permanent maxillary lateral incisor
37
Q

What is fusion?

A

union of 2 adjacent teeth resulting in 1 large tooth

38
Q

What is germination?

A

1 tooth tries to divide, giving 1 large single rooted tooth with a one pup cavity and 2 ‘teeth’

BDS Module 4 (65 decks)

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