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BDS Module 4 > CFD 5 - arches 2 > Flashcards

CFD 5 - arches 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What do the pharyngeal arches consist of?

A
  • ectoderm - outside
  • endoderm - inside (except 1st arch - a continuation of the ectoderm)
  • cartilage
  • blood vessels and nerve
  • muscle
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2
Q

What is the 1st pharyngeal arch called?

A

mandibular arch

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3
Q

What does the Meckel’s cartilage of the 1st pharyngeal arch give rise to?

A

2 bones:
- incus
- malleus
2 ligaments:
- sphenomandibular
- sphenomaleolar

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4
Q

What muscles does the 1st pharyngeal arch give rise to?

A
  • body of the tongue
  • muscles of mastication:
    • temporalis, masseter, pterygoids
    • mylohyoid, anterior body of digastric
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5
Q

What nerve is associated with the 1st pharyngeal arch?

A

CN V

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6
Q

What arteries are associated with the 1st pharyngeal arch?

A

maxillary and carotid arteries

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7
Q

What dental/oral anomalies can be caused by TCS?

A
  • clefts
  • tooth agenesis
  • enamel deformities
  • misplacement upper 6s
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8
Q

What is the 2nd pharyngeal arch called?

A

hyoid arch

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9
Q

What does the Reichert’s cartilage of the 2nd pharyngeal arch form?

A
  • stapes
  • lesser horn and superior hyoid body
  • styloid process, stylohyoid ligament
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10
Q

What muscles are formed from the 2nd pharyngeal arch?

A

muscles of facial expression and posterior belly of digastric

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11
Q

What nerve is associated with the 2nd pharyngeal arch?

A

CN VII

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12
Q

What other structures are formed from the 2nd pharyngal arch?

A

thyroid gland and tonsil

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13
Q

What does the 3rd pharyngeal arch form?

A
  • greater horn of hyoid
  • inferior hyoid body
  • root of the tongue
  • stylopharyngeus muscle
  • CN IX
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14
Q

What does the 4th pharyngeal arch form?

A
  • thyroid cartilage
  • pharynx and epiglottis
  • muscles - pharyngeal constrictor and soft palate
  • CN X - sup. laryngeal
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15
Q

What happens to the 5th pharyngeal arch?

A

rapidly disappears

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16
Q

What does the 6th pharyngeal arch form?

A
  • cricoid and arytenoid cartilages
  • larynx
  • muscles of larynx
  • CN X - inf. laryngeal
17
Q

What happens to the 2nd-6th clefts?

A

disappear - obliterated by the proliferating 2nd arch, arch basically grows over the top

18
Q

What does the 1st pouch form?

A
  • eustacian tube
  • middle ear cavity
  • tympanic membrane
  • ventral part obliterated by the tongue
19
Q

What does the 2nd pouch form?

A
  • tonsillar fossa
  • ventral part obliterated by the tongue
20
Q

What does the 3rd pouch form?

A

inf. parathyroid gland and thymus

21
Q

What does the 4th pouch form?

A

sup. parathyroid gland

22
Q

During the 4th and 5th weeks of head and neck region development, what clefts remain?

A

only the first pair of clefts remain, all the other grooves have been obliterated by the cervical sinus as the neck develops

23
Q

Where do you find pharyngeal membranes?

A

appear in the floor of the pharyngeal grooves

24
Q

What forms the pharyngeal membranes?

A
  • these membranes form where the epithelia of the grooves and pouches approach each other
  • the endoderm of the pouches and the ectoderm of the grooves are soon separated by mesenchyme
25
Q

What happens to the pharyngeal membranes?

A

only first pharyngeal membrane becomes the tympanic membrane, others obliterate

26
Q

What causes a branchial fistula/cyst?

A

2nd arch fails to grow down sufficiently over 2nd-4th clefts

27
Q

Where would you get a branchial fistula/cyst?

A

along anterior border of sternocleido-mastoid muscle

28
Q

What is the appearance of a branchial fistula/cyst?

A

will have a very thing lining where you could get almost a gill like structure on the neck

29
Q

What causes ectopic thymic or parathyroid tissue?

A

failure to migrate completely

30
Q

What does ectopic thymic or parathyroid tissue result in?

A

parathyroid gland ends up being closer to the mouth than it should be

BDS Module 4 (65 decks)

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