Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Flashcards
What is Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Hypopnoea Syndrome (OSAHS)
Interrupted & repeated collapse of upper airway during REM sleep associated w/ hypopnoea/apnoea & desaturations
What causes the pt to wake?
Increasing hypoxia leads to increased respiratory effort
What are the correctable factors contributing to OSAHS?
Resp depressants - Opioids, alcohol, sedatives
Nasal obstruction - Adenoids, rhinitis, polyps
Encroachment on the pharynx - Obesity, acromegaly
What are the common sx of OSAHS?
Loud snoring during sleep Daytime somnolence Morning headaches Decreased libido Nocturnal choking Witnessed apnoeic episodes
What are the potential complications of OSAHS?
Pulmonary HTN Cor pulmonale Type II resp failure HTN Increased cardiac risk
What investigations are appropriate in suspected OSAHS?
Epsworth sleepiness scale
Endoscopic examination
Home pulse oximetry
Polysomnography (GOLD STANDARD)
How is a diagnosis of OSAHS made?
> 15 episodes of apnoea/hypopnoea during 1hr of sleep
What is the management of OSAHS?
Behavioural changes
Wt reduction
Avoidance of alcohol/tobacco
CPAP via nasal mask
What alternatives to CPAP are available?
Intra-oral devices
Daytime stimulants
Upper airways surgery
