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CP3 @ UoN - Medicine & Surgery > Allergy > Flashcards

Allergy Flashcards

1
Q

Describe Type 1 Hypersensitivity Reactions

A

External allergen bound by IgE antibiodies, leading to degranulation of mast cells

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2
Q

Give examples of Type 1 Hypersensitivity Reactions

A

Anaphylaxis
Asthma
Eczema
Allergic rhinitis

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3
Q

Describe Type 2 Hypersensitivity Reactions

A

Cell surface antigens recognised by IgG, leading to NK cell/complement mediated destruction

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4
Q

Give examples of Type 2 Hypersensitivity Reactions

A

Goodpasture’s disease

Myasthenia Gravis

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5
Q

Describe Type 3 Hypersensitivity Reactions

A

Immune complex deposition, leading to complement activation

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6
Q

Give examples of Type 3 Hypersensitivity Reactions

A

Extrinsic allergic alveolitis

SLE

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7
Q

Describe Type 4 Hypersensitivity Reactions

A

T cells detect antigens & secrete cytokines to cause a delayed hypersensitivity reaction

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8
Q

Give examples of Type 4 Hypersensitivity Reactions

A

Contact dermatitis

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9
Q

What features in a clinical history are especially important to allergy diagnosis?

A 
Sx of episode
Timing in relation to allergen exposure (usually minutes)
Amount eaten (if food)
Other episodes/exposures
DH
FH
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10
Q

What tests are available to diagnose allergies?

A

Skin prick tests
Allergen specific IgE
Total IgE
Challenge tests

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11
Q

Describe skin prick tests

A

Insert small amount of allergen into skin eliciting localised allergic response
Results not reliable if pt. taking antihistamines

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12
Q

Describe allergen specific IgE

A

Measures amount of IgE to a specific food allergn

Test can give elevated result w/o Sx - sensitisation

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13
Q

Describe total IgE

A

Measures all IgE

Not usually helpful

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14
Q

Describe challenge tests

A

Offered if skin prick/blood tests suggest allergy but inconclusive
Give allergen in hospital setting

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15
Q

What investigations can be used to confirm diagnosis of Anaphylaxis?

A

Serum tryptase (elevated after reaction)

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16
Q

What investigations can be used to confirm diagnosis of Urticaria?

A 
FBC
ESR or CRP
Challenge test
Skin prick testing
IgE
Thyroid autoantibodies
Skin biopsy (urticarial vasculitis).
17
Q

What investigations can be used to confirm diagnosis of Angioedema?

A 
FBC & differential white count 
ESR/CRP
Urinalysis
Skin prick testing
Thyroid function and auto-antibody testing.
Stool tests for ova, cysts and parasites
Skin biopsy
18
Q

What investigations can be used to confirm diagnosis of Allergic Rhinitis?

A

Skin prick test

Allergen specific IgE

19
Q

What investigations can be used to confirm diagnosis of Allergic Asthma?

A

Peak flow
Spirometry
Allergen tests - IgE, challenge etc.

CP3 @ UoN - Medicine & Surgery (135 decks)

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