Observational techniques Flashcards
list the 6 different types of observation
naturalistic controlled overt covert non-participant participant
what is the definition of naturalistic observation?
When people/animals are observed in their normal environment without any manipulation and without their knowledge.
eval of naturalistic
S: high ecological validity
W: cannot be replicated as researcher is not in control of variables.
what is the definition of controlled observation?
observation study where researchers have high control over variables - often in a lab setting
eval of controlled
S:Can be replicated to check reliability
quick to conduct
W: Low ecological validity
what is the definition of overt observation?
When participants are aware they are being observed
eval of overt
S: Informed consent
W: investigator effect can distort p’s behaviour leading to social desirability bias
what is the definition of covert observation?
When participants are not aware they are being observed
eval of covert
S: less chance of social desirability bias
increases validity by reducing demand characteristics
W: ethical issues - not fully informed consent
what is the definition of participant observation?
When the researcher becomes involved with the group of participants they are observing.
Can be covert or overt
eval of participant
S: researcher can collect rich and in-depth data - unlikely to miss anything
W:presence of researcher might influence the participants’ behaviour due to evaluation apprehension
what is the definition of non-participant observation?
When the researcher observes the participants from a distance
eval of non-participant
S: investigator effects less likely to occur
W: might miss in-depth data because of distance
