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Leadership in nursing > objective 6 > Flashcards

objective 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

Division of moral philosophy that involves
the moral practices, beliefs, and standards of
individuals or groups
 Consideration and evaluation of whether
actions and intentions are deemed as “right”
or “wrong”

A

ethics

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2
Q

what are ethical and nursing decision and actions typically guided by>

A
  1. Ethical principles and values
     2. Professional accountabilities
     3. The law
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3
Q

Branch of philosophy that deals with
what is right and wrong

A

ethics

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4
Q

Code of conduct advanced and
accepted by a society, a group or an
individual

A

morality

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5
Q

what are the 3 branches of ethics?

A

meta ethics
normative ethics
applied ethics

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6
Q

 Occurs when a person’s values are at odds
with those of a client, colleague, or
institution.
 Describes a struggle between personal
beliefs and professional responsibilities

A

value conflict

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7
Q

 Appraising one’s personal values
 Requires self-awareness and
personal insight

A

values clafification

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8
Q

what are the steps to values clarification

A

 Choose beliefs from alternatives
 Prize beliefs and behaviors
 Act on the beliefs (affirm)

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9
Q

why clarify values

A

 To reflect on fundamental beliefs
 To examine personal values against
professional values
 To ensure action in client’s best
interest (thus supporting clients
decisions about care)

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10
Q

A situation where:
 The best course of action is
unclear
 There is a strong moral reason
to support each of several
positions
 One must choose between the
most right or the least wrong

A

ethical dilemma

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11
Q

what are some bioethical dilemmas

A

Life
 Abortion
 Cloning
 Stem cell therapy
 Genetic screening
 Genetic engineering
Death
 Euthanasia
 Assisted suicide
 Withholding of food/fluids
 Terminating life-sustaining
treatments
Other issues
 Research
 Right to health care
 Allocation of resources
 Client’s right to know

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12
Q

A sequence of steps used to help solve an
ethical problem or dilemma
 A nurse’s Code of ethics, organizational
policies, professional standards, and entry
level competencies documents can
guide/effect decision making

A

ethical decision making

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13
Q

what are the steps in ethical decision making?

A

 1. Clarify the need.
 2. Identify all involved.
 3. Arrange a meeting.
 4. Select a facilitator or chair.
 5. Identify areas of agreement.
 6. Identify areas of disagreement.
 7. Offer resources.
 8. Seek outside advice if necessary.
 9. Make a decision.
 10. Implement the decision.

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14
Q

what are responses to ethical distress?

A

awareness
refer
learn
support

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15
Q

how to enhance ethical practice?

A

 Listen to others
 Explain your perspective
 Acknowledge and discuss differences
 Recommend alternatives
 Negotiate agreement

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16
Q

Comprised of a group of
interdisciplinary health professionals
(eg. Nurse, physician, dietician,
pharmacist, clergy, ethicist)

A

ethics committee

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17
Q

Is a recognized
difference between current and desired
conditions or gaps between “what is” and
“what should be” with an accompanying
perception that something should be
done to resolve it

A

problem solving

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18
Q

Is a choice between
alternative courses of action or
interventions that are selected for
implementation to solve a problem.

A

decision

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19
Q

is a comprehensive,
sequential, cognitive process used to solve a
problem by reducing the difference between
current and desired conditions

A

problem solving

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20
Q

process that chooses a
preferred option or a course of actions from
among a set of alternatives on the basis of
given criteria or strategies

A

decision making

21
Q

what are 4 general modes of decision mkaing

A

 1. Scientific method
 2. The nursing process
 3. The problem-solving process
 4. The decision making process

22
Q

A rational and logical
approach. The foundation of many models
of decision making and is useful when
testing hypotheses

A

scientific method

23
Q

what are the 6 steps on the scientific method?

A
  1. Identify and clarify a problem.
  2. Determine the problem’s significance
    and relevance.
  3. Gather data about the problem and
    it’s causes.
  4. Generate hypotheses and choose
    alternatives to solve the problem.
  5. Test selected alternatives.
  6. Plan, Implement, and evaluate the
    effects of the selected alternatives.
24
Q

what is the nursing process

A

assessment
dx
planning
implementation
evaluation

25
Q

what are the 7 steps of the problem solving process?

A
  1. Define the Problem
  2. Gather Data
  3. Analyze the Data
  4. Develop Solutions (Decision Making)
  5. Select Solutions (Decision Making)
  6. Implement the Solutions
  7. Evaluate the Result
26
Q

 Used when there is no clear right or
wrong answer within a situation
 Steps are similar to those in the
rational decision-making model but
ethical principles and arguments
are applied throughout the
intellectual-reasoning process

A

ethical decision making

27
Q

New and
imaginative ideas to solve problems.
Combination of divergent thinking and rational
decision making

A

creative decision making

28
Q

Approach in which
the health care provider (team provider) makes a
decision independently and an informed
approach in which the patient alone, provided
with information, makes a decision

A

shared decision making

29
Q

The intellectually disciplined
process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing,
applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and/or
evaluating information gathered from, or
generated by, observation, experience,
reflection, reasoning, or communication, as a
guide to belief and action

A

critical thinking

30
Q

Using or based on what one feels to
be true even without conscious reasoning;
instinctiveness.

A

intuition

31
Q

 Adopted by many areas such as nursing and
management
 Rational decisions are based on minimizing
risks while maximizing profit
 Three assumptions about individual’s
preference
1. All actions can be ranked according to
preference
2. All actions can be compared with other
actions
3. Alternatives are independent
 Has 6 steps
 Rational decision making tool

A

rational decision making model

32
Q

what are the steps of rational decision making model?

A
  1. Define the problem and identify goals to
    solve it.
  2. Identify decision criteria that must be met
    to achieve each goal.
  3. Weight (rank) the criteria according to level
    of importance.
  4. Generate alternatives or courses of action
    to solve the problem.
  5. Rate each alternative in its ability to satisfy
    each criterion.
  6. Evaluate each alternative against the
    weighted criteria to determine the alternative
    with the highest total score, which is the
    optimal choice.
33
Q

what are factors which affect the quality of decisions?

A

individual decision biases
group decision biases
fallacies
personal attributes

34
Q

Beliefs that appear to be correct
but are found to be false when examined by
logical reasoning rules

A

fallacies

35
Q

Synchronizing tasks among other
HCP’s and agencies to deliver patient care in different
health agencies

A

coordination

36
Q

Voluntary effort on the part of
individuals to work with others to achieve common
goals in a noncompetitive manner

A

cooperation

37
Q

Vital for group decision
making

A

effective communication

38
Q

Task-related knowledge, skills, and
attitudes that reflect a task

A

competencies

39
Q

The way team members interact
and react to changing circumstances

A

team dynamics

40
Q

Technique for stimulating the
creative, spontaneous, and free-flowing thoughts of
individuals and teams

A

brainstorming

41
Q

Looks at problems from six
different perspectives. Uses colors for the hats to
represent different styles of thinking or roles of
individuals.

A

6 thinking hats

42
Q

Identifies a
problem, generates solutions, and establishes
priorities by obtaining views on a topic and arriving
at a consensus

A

normative group technique

43
Q

Study of organization’s internal
strengths, weaknesses, external opportunities and
threats

A

SWOT analysis

44
Q

A creative approach to problem
solving. Identifying strengths, opportunities,
aspirations, and results. More positive alternative
to the SWOT analysis.

A

SOAR analysis

45
Q

are authoritative
statements that define the legal and
professional expectations of the LPNs
practice.

A

standards of practice

46
Q

Document that describes the knowledge,
skills, judgment and attitudes required of
beginning practitioners to provide safe,
competent and ethical nursing care

A

entry level competencies

47
Q

 Comprehensive documents intended to
guide evidenced-based best practices to
facilitate decision making
 Designed to assist nurses and
interdisciplinary team members, in
partnership with clients, to make decisions
about health care services and to advance
standards and the quality of health care
 Relevant to all health care settings

A

best practice guidelines

48
Q

 Enforce specific structures and
processes that are associated with
quality, safe outcomes
 Rules/guidelines that govern practice in
a healthcare environment
 Communicate standards and
expectations to employees
 Organizational standards that must be
followed
 Based on best available evidence
 Help mitigate risk by guiding employees
with best practice in care delivery
 Part of the decision-making process

A

employer policies

Leadership in nursing (14 decks)

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