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community health nursing > Objective 2.5-2.6: population health model > Flashcards

Objective 2.5-2.6: population health model Flashcards

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1
Q

the fair distribution of society’s
benefits, responsibilities and their consequences. It focuses on the
relative position of one social group in relationship to others in society as well as on the root causes of disparities and what can be done to eliminate them

A

social justice

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2
Q

what are the ethical responsibilities to uphold principles of justice?

A

 Not discriminating based on race, gender, or any attribute
 Respecting the history of Indigenous people
 Refraining from judging, labelling, or any stigmatizing behaviour toward
anyone
 Refraining from lying, punishing, torture, or any form of inhumane
treatment
 Providing care for all people (victim or perpetrator) and refraining from
workplace bullying
 Making fair decisions about access to resources
 Advocating for evidence in decision making and all policies
 Working collaboratively to develop moral community

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3
Q

 Differences in social status within and between populations
have a significant impact on the health status of the larger
community where those differences occur.
 If the gap in social status is large, the health of the overall
population decreases, health care costs increase, and
disharmony associated with exclusion is caused.
 The core function of public health practice is to improve the
health of the whole population by advancing health equity.

A

equity/inequity

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4
Q

what are the three principles of action to advance health equity?

A
  1. Improve the conditions of daily life, i.e., the circumstances in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age.
  2. Tackle the inequitable distribution of power, money, and resources—the structural drivers of those conditions of daily life—globally, nationally, and locally.
  3. Measure the problem, evaluate action, expand the knowledge base, develop a workforce trained in the social determinants of health, and raise public
    awareness about the social determinants of health. (WHO, 2008).
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5
Q
A
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5
Q

An area for study, research, and practice that places a priority on
improving health and achieving equity in health for all people
worldwide

A

global health

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6
Q

 Saw nursing as a call to service
 Thought nurses should be people of good character
 Gave enduring morals and values to the profession of nursing
 Passionate about the need to provide care to vulnerable people
 Importance of sanitary environment

A

Florence nightingale

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7
Q

A branch of philosophy that includes both a body of knowledge
about the moral life and a process of reflection for determining what
persons ought to do or be, regarding this life

A

ethics

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8
Q

what are some general ethical obligations we have as members of society?

A
  1. Not to harm others
  2. To respect others
  3. To tell the truth
  4. To keep promises
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9
Q

what are the 3 main branches of ethics?

A

meta-ethics
normative ethics
applied ethics

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10
Q

seeks to understand the nature of morality and how human values are developed and maintained

A

meta-ethics

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11
Q

concerned with the general principles or obligations
that guide human actions

A

normative ethics

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12
Q

relates to the application of ethical principles to
situations people face in everyday life

A

applied ethics

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13
Q

where we are concerned about
life issues in relation to the principles of autonomy, beneficence,
non-maleficence, and distributive justice.

A

bioethics

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14
Q

A framework that nurses use to guide their ethical obligations and actions within the profession
 Clarify the values and guidelines of ethical conduct in nursing practice.

A

nursing code of ethics

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15
Q

the Code for Professional Nurses was adopted by the American Nurses Association (ANA) and revised five times.

A

1950

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16
Q

The first known international code of ethics for nursing,
developed by the International Council of Nurses (ICN), was adopted in Canada.

A

1954

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17
Q

The Canadian Nurses Association (CNA) Code of Ethics was
developed; it was adopted in 1985 as the Code of Ethics for Nursing

A

1980

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18
Q

what are the 7 nursing values and ethical responsibilities for Rns?

A
  1. Providing safe, compassionate, competent and ethical care
  2. Promoting health and well-being
  3. Promoting respecting informed decision-making
  4. Preserving dignity
  5. Maintaining privacy and confidentiality
  6. Promoting justice
  7. Being accountable
19
Q

That component of ethics focusing on the process of how ethical
decisions are made.

A

ethical decision making

20
Q

Moral challenges facing the nursing profession

A

ethical issues

21
Q

Puzzling moral problems in which morally justified reasons for both taking and not taking a certain course of action are envisioned

A

ethical dilemmas

22
Q

 Values of duty, obligations, and conduct.
 Personal, cultural, and professional values are aspects
 “How should I behave?”, “What action should I take?”

A

morality

23
Q

Shared and generational societal norms about what constitutes right
or wrong conduct

A

morals

24
Q

Beliefs about the shared worth or importance of what is desired or
esteemed within a society

A

values

25
Q

 Explaining actions by their results
 Logic of ends, or consequences
 An account of a given thing’s purpose

A

teleology

26
Q

 Persons should always be treated as ends in themselves, and
never as mere means to the ends of others.
 Looks at whether an action is right or wrong rather than on whether
the outcome of an action is right or wrong

A

deontology

27
Q

 Type of teleology
 Morality of an action is dependent on the outcome of that
action

A

consequentialism

28
Q

is a well-known consequentialist theory that
appeals exclusively to outcomes or consequences in
determining which choice to make

A

utilitarianism

29
Q

 Telling the truth
 It is a community health nurse’s (CHN’s) duty to tell the truth

A

veracity

30
Q

 Approach to problem solving in bioethics; can help guide practice.
 Health care professionals have specific obligations that exist because
of the practices and goals of the profession:
 Autonomy
 Nonmaleficence
 Beneficence
 Distributive justice

A

principlism

31
Q

often emphasized in acute care settings.
 Respect for client’s right to make informed decisions about his or
her own health care.
 In community health, this may involve restricting clients’ rights
where individual choice may negatively impact on the rights or well
being of others

A

autonomy

32
Q

the allocation of benefits (e.g., basic
needs) and burdens to members of society

A

distributive justice

33
Q

 A foundational principle for justifying public health actions.
 Sets out the justification to take action to restrict the liberty of an
individual or a group in order to prevent harm to others.
 i.e. the TB client living in a crowded shelter and placing others at risk.

A

harm principle

34
Q

 Recognizes that a variety of means exist to achieve public health
needs, but the full authority and power should be used for exceptional
circumstances.
 Education, facilitation, and discussion should precede any restriction
or coercive measures

A

principle of least restrictive means

35
Q

Once a public health action is warranted, society is obligated to
support individuals and communities in their efforts to comply with
that public health intervention

A

reciprocity principle

36
Q

 Refers to the manner and context in which decisions are made.
 All key stakeholders should be involved in the decision
 Clear communication should be provided about the action

A

transparency principle

37
Q

 Abstract, universal principles are not an adequate basis for moral
decision making.
 History, tradition, and concrete moral communities should be the
basis of moral thinking and action

A

communitarianism

38
Q

 One of the oldest types of ethical theory (dating back to ancient
Greek philosophy)
 are acquired, excellent traits of character that dispose
humans to act in accord with their natural good.

A

virtue ethics

39
Q

what does advocacy involve?

A

 promoting health and well-being
 promoting and respecting informed decision-making
 preserving dignity
 maintaining privacy and confidentiality
 promoting justice

40
Q

what are the 3 conceptual framework stages?

A

information
strategy
action

41
Q

focus on gathering data about public health
problems

A

information stage

42
Q

focus on tactics such as dissemination info to lay
people and professionals, identify objectives, working with legislators

A

strategy stage

43
Q

focus on implementation of strategies by lobbying,
testifying, issuing press releases, passing laws, voting

A

action stage

44
Q

what are the ethical principles for effective advocacy>

A
  1. Act in the client’s (group’s, community’s) best interests.
  2. Act in accordance with the client’s wishes and instructions.
  3. Keep the client properly informed.
  4. Carry out instructions with diligence and competence.
  5. Act impartially and offer frank, independent advice.
  6. Maintain client confidentiality
45
Q

 Use problem-solving processes
 Serve as guides for making ethically sound decisions that can be
morally justified.

A

ethical decision making

46
Q

what are the steps in ethical decision making?

A
  1. Identify and Define the ethical nature of the experience. Reflect on
    and review potential actions.
  2. Place the ethical experience within a meaningful context. Select an
    ethical action.
  3. Obtain all relevant facts
  4. Reformulate the ethical experience, if needed.
  5. Consider appropriate approaches to actions or options
    (utilitarianism, deontology, principlism, virtue ethics, ethics of care).
  6. Make a decision and take action
  7. Evaluate the decision and action

community health nursing (11 decks)

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