objective 2.1-2.4: population health model

Question 1

A state of complete physical, mental and social well being and
not merely the absence of disease

Answer 1

health 1947

Question 2

as a positive concept, a
holistic resource for everyday living that includes physical, social,
and personal capabilities.

Answer 2

1986 health

Question 3

what are the common dimensions of community health?

Answer 3

status
structure
process

Question 4

what does community health include?

Answer 4

physical
emotional
social components

Question 5

Includes community health services and resources and
attributes of the community structure itself, commonly
identified as social indicators or correlates of health

Answer 5

structure

Question 6

Community health is the process of effective community
functioning or problem solving

Answer 6

process

Question 7

the process of involving the community in
maintaining, improving, promoting, and protecting its own health and
well-being

Answer 7

community health

Question 8

This movement
incorporates the primary health care principles of health
promotion in order to achieve “health for all” and includes more
than 7,500 cities and towns worldwide.

Answer 8

healthy cities movement and healthy communities movement

Question 9

is one where
people, organizations, and local
institutions work together to improve the
social, economic, and environmental
conditions that make people healthy—the
determinants of health.

Answer 9

healthy community

Question 10

what are the characteristics of health communities?

Answer 10

 Clean and safe physical environments
 Peace, equity, and social justice
 Adequate access to food, clean water, shelter, income,
safety, work, and recreation for all
 Strong, mutually supportive relationships and networks
 Wide participation of residents in decision making

Question 11

what are the characteristics of healthy communities?

Answer 11

 Strong cultural and spiritual heritage
 Diverse and robust economy
 Opportunities for learning and skill development
 Access to health services, including public health
and preventive programs

Question 12

• Provides treatment to those with an
  illness
• The individual is the focus

Answer 12

traditional health care

Question 13

Emphasis is on reducing health
inequalities for a defined population or
aggregate, as opposed to individual-
level care

Answer 13

population-focused health care

Question 14

An organized activity of society to promote, protect, improve,
and, when necessary, restore the health of individuals, specified
groups, or the entire population.
 A combination of sciences, skills, and values that function
through collective societal activities and involve programs,
services, and institutions aimed at protecting and improving the
health of all people.

Answer 14

public health

Question 15

what are the six major public health functions?

Answer 15

 Health protection
 Health promotion
 Population health assessment
 Public health surveillance
 Injury and disease prevention
 Emergency preparedness and response

Question 16

what are the 8 key elements that need to be addressed in the population health model?

Answer 16

1. Focus on health of populations
2. Address the determinants of health and their interactions
3. Base decisions on evidence
4. Increase upstream investments
5. Apply multiple investments and strategies
6. Collaborate across sectors and levels
7. Employ mechanisms for community involvement
8. Demonstrate accountability for health outcomes

Question 17

 A macroscopic, “big picture,” population health approach
 Includes a primary prevention perspective
 Considers determinants of health and other economic, political, and
environmental factors

Answer 17

upstream thinking

Question 18

 Addresses the micro-policy level
 This includes; regional, local, community or organizational.
 Think of interventions to prevent illness or injury

Answer 18

midstream thinking

Question 19

 Taking a microscopic individual curative focus
 Considers individual health concerns and treatments but does not
consider the sociopolitical, economic, and environmental variables

Answer 19

downstream thinking

Question 20

seeks to prevent disease from the beginning

Answer 20

primary prevention

Question 21

seeks to detect disease early in its progression in order to make an early diagnosis and begin treatment

Answer 21

secondary prevention

Question 22

begins once a disease has become obvious; aims to interrupt the course of the disease

Answer 22

tertiary prevention

Question 23

curative and restorative aspect of practice
secondary and tertiary prevention

Answer 23

episodic care

Question 24

health maintenance, disease prevention, health promotion
primary prevention

Answer 24

distributive care

Question 25

A collaborative decision-making effort in health
planning that community members and
professionals participate in with the goal of reducing
health inequalities and improving community health

Answer 25

community partnership

Question 26

A relationship between individuals, groups,
organizations, or governments, in which the parties
are actively working together in all stages of
assessment, planning, implementation, and
evaluation

Answer 26

partnership

Question 27

what characteristics of effective partnerships have?

Answer 27

 Equality in decision making
 A shared vision
 Integrity
 Agreement on specific goals
 A plan of action to meet the goals

Question 28

Two or more groups that share a mutual issue or concern and join
forces, thereby increasing their influence in achieving a common goal

Answer 28

coalition

Question 29

Defined by Kretzmann and McKnight as “building communities from the
inside out”
 Occurs when a community is engaged in a dynamic, continuous
process of social change that can lead to permanent enhancements in
people’s lives

Answer 29

community development

Question 30

Identifies and works
with existing community strengths to promote a
positive view of the community

Answer 30

community capacity

Question 31

helps communities become stronger on the basis of these strengths rather than focusing on their weaknesses

Answer 31

capacity building

Question 32

Identifying community-based initiatives such as community
development, strategic planning, and organizational development

Answer 32

asset mapping

Question 33

what are the 3 approaches to asset mapping?

Answer 33

 Whole-assets approach
 Storytelling approach
 Heritage approach

Question 34

 The maintenance and continuation of established community programs
 More likely to occur when members of the community are involved as partners in the community development process

Answer 34

sustainability

Question 35

When a community can use its problem-solving abilities to identify and
deal with community health issues
 Has been linked to community empowerment

Answer 35

community competence

Question 36

 The process of thinking critically about the community
 Involves getting to know and understand the community client as
partner

Answer 36

community health assessment

Question 37

what does community health assessment help to do?

Answer 37

 Identify community strengths, resources, assets, capacities, and
opportunities
 Clarify health concerns
 Identify community constraints
 Identify the economic, political, and social factors affecting the
community
 Identify the determinants of health affecting community health

Question 38

what are the steps to assessing communities?

Answer 38

1. Gathering relevant existing data and generating missing data
2. Developing a composite database
3. Interpreting the composite database to identify community strengths
   and health concerns

Question 39

what are the 7 key methods of data collection?

Answer 39

1) Informant interviews
2) Focus groups
3) Participant observation
4) Windshield surveys
5) Community forums
6) Secondary analysis of existing data
7) Surveys

Question 40

An observational method used as
part of a community assessment
that scans the community’s
physical environment

Answer 40

windshield survey

Question 41

In order for a CHN to gain access to the community the community must what?

Answer 41

1. Perceive that a need exists
2. Believe that the CHN can help address this need
3. Perceive that its information and contributions are valued
4. Be assured of confidentiality for non-public information
5. Be involved from the beginning in this partnership

Question 42

how an CHN gain trust and entry to community?

Answer 42

 Taking part in community events
 Looking and listening with interest
 Visiting people in formal leadership positions
 Using an assessment guide
 Using a peer group for support
 Keeping appointments
 Clarifying community members’ perceptions of health needs
 Respecting an individual’s right to choose whether he or she will
work with the CHN