OBH Chapter 5 Flashcards
Define Personality
The sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others. It is often described in terms of measurable traits a person exhibits.
Define personality traits
Characteristics one shows on multiple occasions
Which two measurement theories are widely applied for personality traits?
Myers-Briggs Type indicator (MBTI)
Big Five model (BFM)
Explain the Myers-Briggs Type indicator
MBTI describes 16 different types, all with their own traits. It is, however, most valuable for creating self-awareness and not as a job-selection criterion, as it is no guarantee of how people act on a job and the types described are found on the basis of black or white answers.
Explain the Big Five model
The BFM is highly related to OB as the 5 dimensions can all suggest certain job performance. However, it only comes with 5 of the enormous amount of traits:
- Extraversion (Better interpersonal skills, great social dominance)
- Agreeableness (Better liked, more compliant and conforming)
- Conscientiousness (greater effort and persistence, more drive and discipline)
- Emotional stability (Less negative thinking and fewer negative emotions)
- Openness to experience (Increased learning, more creative, more flexible and autonomous)
Explain Core self-evaluation
Particularly comprises self-confidence. People with positive core self-evaluation have more job satisfaction and perform better because they set more ambitious goals. This is the other way around with people with negative core self-evaluation.
Explain Machiavellianism (Mach)
People with high mach often believe that ‘if it works, use it’, the end justify means. Often also describes manipulative people. People with high mach are especially of use in sales jobs, but in other jobs, there is no real way of predicting job performance.
Explain Narcissism
People with high narcissism often treat others as being inferior and are particularly arrogant people. These people are usually less effective at their jobs, particularly when it comes to helping people.
Explain Self-monitoring
Describes the extent to which one can adapt their behavior to external situation factor. High self-monitoring people receive better performance rating and are more likely to emerge as leaders and tend to be more mobile in their careers.
Explain Risk-taking
This can be used as an indicator for job performance, but it depends on which jobs: stock-brokers require quick decision-making and thus high risk-taking, whereas accountants should have low risk-taking.
Explain a Type A or B personality
Type A are fast moving, impatient and can not cope with leisure time. They want more and more in less and less time. Type B people are the opposite. Type A usually thinks less than B and are more predictable.
Explain Proactive personality
Proactive persons identify improvement (in their own environment) and take the initiative to improve. They persevere until the goal is reached. They are more likely t be seen as leaders. However, they are also more likely to raise their voice to change a status quo in organizations, even if this is not desired. if the changes subsequently do not occur they are more likely to leave their jobs.
What are values?
Basic convictions of people, in which they consider specific modes of conduct more personally of socially preferable than opposite modes of conduct.
What is a Value system
A system attained by ranking all one’s values.
Which 2 attributes do values have?
Content: says a mode of conduct is important
Intensity: says how important it is (to them)
