Obesity And CVD

Question 1

What factors contribute to energy expenditure?(3)

Answer 1

PA
TEF
BMR

Question 2

Which food group has lowest TEF and why?

Answer 2

Fat because it takes less energy to store TAG as fat

Question 3

Which factors contribute to positive energy balance?(4)

Answer 3

Excess food intake
Physical inactivity
High fat diet
Simple sugar diet

Question 4

Which fats are regarded as “bad”?

Answer 4

Saturated

Question 5

Explain findings ________ review on sat fats (2)

Answer 5

Astrup 2014
No evidence to suggest that dairy sat fats have negative impact in CVD
In fact diary sat fat may preserve lean body tissue

Question 6

Give examples of the negative affects of oxidative stress on CVD?

Answer 6

LDL oxidation in atherosclerosis

Question 7

What is the main cause of death in diabetics?

Answer 7

CVD

Question 8

How can omega-3 reduce CVD risk?(2)

Answer 8

Reduces inflammation

Reduces cholesterol

Question 9

What causes obesity?

Answer 9

Long term elevated energy intake (positive energy balance)

Question 10

Mechanisms leading to heart disease from obesity (3)

Answer 10

Increased inflammation contributes to atherosclerosis
May lead to diabetes which doubles risk of CVD
Dyslipidemia commonly seen in obesity which contributes to atherosclerosis

Question 11

According to ________ what are the mechanisms behind obesity and hypertension? (3)

Answer 11

Kalil 2012
Obese individuals have high levels of leptin
They become resistant to appetite suppressing actions
Leptin also raises SNS and blood pressure

Question 12

According to ________ how does obesity increase blood pressure?

Answer 12

Anjena 2002

Increases fluid retention