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Nutrition Undergrad > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

0
Q

What is T2D associated with?(2)

A

Excess adiposity

Physical inactivity

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1
Q

What is diabetes characterised by?

A

Hyperglycaemia

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2
Q

Name the common symptoms of diabetes (5)

A 
Thirst
Excessive urination 
Extreme tiredness 
Genital itching 
Blurred vision
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3
Q

What is hyperglycaemia?

A

Chronically high blood glucose

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4
Q

What are the complications of T2D?(5)

A 
Blindness
Lower limb amputations 
Liver disease 
CVD mortality 
Kidney disease
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5
Q

Pathogenesis of T2D(4)

A

Insulin resistance
Central adiposity increases inflammatory cytokines being released - which affects insulin signalling
Insulin resistance increases plasma FFA
Leads to viscous cycle further increasing resistance
Pancreas beta cells unable to overcome insulin resistance

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6
Q

Name different methods of diagnosing T2D (3)

A

HbA1c (glycated haemoglobin)
OGTT
Fasting glucose

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7
Q

HBA1c

A

Reflects average plasma glucose of previous 8-12 weeks

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8
Q

OGTT

A

Patients given 75 g of glucose after overnight fast

Glucose levels measured after 2 hours

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9
Q

Fasting glucose

A

Baseline glucose levels measured after overnight fast

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10
Q

Risk factors of T2D (6)

A 
Genetics
Physical inactivity
Age over 40
Being overweight
Central adiposity 
IGT
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11
Q

Relationship between T2D and obesity (2)

A

Wing at al. 2011 showed that slight reduction in weight can improve glycaemic control

85% of T2D are obese

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12
Q

What are the diets used to treat T2D(5)

A 
Low carb (ketogenic)
Low fat
Low GI/GL
Mediterranean 
High fibre
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13
Q

Characteristics of low GI diet (3)

A

Low carb
High protein
High fat

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14
Q

What is fat required for?(2)

A

Absorption of fat soluble vitamins

Optimal hormonal production

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15
Q

What is dietary fibre?

A

Type of carb found in plant based foods

16
Q

Differences in soluble and insoluble fibre?(2)

A

Insoluble passes through digestive system undigested

Soluble fibre is digested by bacteria in the large bowel

17
Q

Benefits of soluble fibre (3)

A

Reduce cholesterol
Reduced risk of heart disease
Reduced risk of T2D

18
Q

How can foods high in fibre help weight control?

A

Providing satiation which can help control appetite

19
Q

Mediterranean diet (7)

A 
Unrefined grains
Fruit & veg
Legumes 
Diaries
Olive oil
Fish
Red wine

Nutrition Undergrad (19 decks)

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