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Healthful Body Weight Flashcards

0
Q

Define morbid obesity (2)

A

Body weight exceeding 100% of normal

Very high risk for serious health consequences

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1
Q

Define obesity

A

Having an excess of body fat that adversely affects health

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2
Q

What is BMI?

A

Ratio of a persons weight to the square of his or her height

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3
Q

How is BMI calculated?

A

Kg/(m x m)

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4
Q

BMI values below ____ or above _____ have increased health risks

A

18.5

30

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5
Q

What is one of the downfalls of BMI?

A

Does not account for body composition

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6
Q

Name methods that can be used to measure body composition (5)

A 
Underwater weighing
Skinfold 
Bioelectric impedance analysis 
DXA
Bod pod
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7
Q

What is the static energy balance equation?

A

Energy intake = energy expenditure

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8
Q

How many kcal per gram in alcohol?

A

7

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9
Q

An excess intake of approx ______ kcal will result in a gain of 1 pound

A

3500

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10
Q

What are the components of total 24 hour energy expenditure?(3)

A

Basal metabolic rate
Thermic effect of food
Energy cos of physical activity

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11
Q

What is direct calorimetry?

A

Method that measures the amount of heat the body releases

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12
Q

How does indirect calorimetry work?(2)

A

Estimates energy expenditure by oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production

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13
Q

For a mixed diet, 1 litre oxygen consumed = energy expenditure of ____ kcal

A

4.81

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14
Q

What is doubly labelled water?(2)

A

A form of indirect calorimetry used to determine free living EE in humans

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15
Q

What is basal metabolic rate?

A

Energy expended to maintain resting functions of the body

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16
Q

What is the primary determinant of BMR?

A

Amount of lean body mass

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17
Q

Factors that increase BMR (7)

A 
High lean body mass
Greater height
Younger age
Elevated thyroid hormone
Stress
Male
Stimulant drugs
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18
Q

Factors that decrease BMR (6)

A 
Low lean body mass
Lower height
Older age
Low levels of thyroid hormone
Starvation / fasting
Female
19
Q

What is Thermic effect of food?

A

Energy expended to process food

20
Q

What does TEF depend on?

A

Composition of food

21
Q

What is the Thermic effect of

A) glucose
B) fat
C) protein

A

5-10%
3-5%
20-30%

22
Q

Why is the Thermic effect of fat low?(2)

A

Lower energy requirement to store fat as triglycerides

In comparison to the synthesis of proteins from AAs or glycogen from carbs

23
Q

What is the average Thermic effect of a mixed meal?

24
What are the genetic factors influencing body weight?(4)
Height Weight Body shape Metabolic rate
25
About a ___% of body fat is accounted for by genetic influences
25
26
Name some hormones that decrease food intake (4)
Leptin Peptide YY CCK Secretin
27
Name some hormones that increase food intake (3)
Ghrelin Neuropeptide Y Beta-endorphins
28
Increase in blood glucose after a meal ______ food intake
Decreases
29
What is the metabolic syndrome?(3)
A cluster of factors increasing the risk for: Heart disease T2D Stroke
30
Which factors are involved in the metabolic syndrome?(5)
Central obesity plus 2 of the following: Triglyceride levels above 1.6 mmol/l Low HDL levels Blood pressure above or equal to130/85 mmHg Fasting blood glucose above 5.5 m/dL
31
What percentage of adipose tissue is fat?
87%
32
How many grams are in a pound of fat?
454
33
How is energy cost calculated?
Calories/weight/minutes
34
How is BMR per day calculated in men?
Bodyweight x 1 x 24
35
How is BMR per day calculated in women?
Bodyweight x 0.9x 24
36
How many kcal/day leads to a gain of 2 pounds?
1000
37
How many kcal/day leads to a gain of 1 pound
500
38
How is BMI converted into metric?
X703
39
What are the main characteristic of a low fat diet?
11-19% of total energy as fat
40
What is the main characteristics of a high fat diet?(4)
55-65% of total energy from fat Low carb Causes ketosis Decrease blood glucose
41
What are the health risks associated with being overweight?(4)
Heart disease High blood pressure T2D Sleep disorders
42
How can a ketogenic diet lead to weight loss?(3)
Reduction in appetite Increased lipolysis Reduction in respiratory quotient
43
According to ________ what are the mechanisms that cause alcohol to contribute to weight gain?
Galgani 2008 Alcohol diverts dietary fat away from oxidation and towards storage
44
Define overweight
Having a moderate amount of excess body fat
45
What are the negatives of processed food?(2)
Uses sugar and/or salt as preservatives

Nutrition Undergrad (19 decks)

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