Fluid And Electrolytes Flashcards
What is hyponaetremia?
Low blood sodium concentration
What does aldosterone do?(4)
Signals kidneys to retain sodium and chloride
Retaining water
Increasing BP
Decreasing urine output
What is the name of the condition for abnormally high sodium concentration?
Hypernatremia
What can hypernatremia lead to?(3)
High blood pressure
Edema
High blood volume
What causes fluid composition of tissues to vary?(3)
Tissue type
Gender
Age
Which type of tissue has greater fluid content?
Lean tissue
Which gender typically has more fluid and why?(2)
Make because they have more lean tissue
What happens to body water as we age and why?(2)
Decreased in body water
Loss of lean tissue as people age
What is the risk of excess sodium intake?
High blood pressure
What is hypertension?
Chronic disease characterised by high blood pressure
What are the health impacts of hypertension?(6)
Increased risk of heart disease, kidney disease and stroke
Can reduce brain function
Can impair physical mobility
Can cause death
What is the lowest level of hypertension?
140/90
What is considered optimal BP?
120/80
What are the recommendations to reduce hypertension?(6)
Lose weight Increase PA reduce alcohol consumption Reduced sodium intake Increased potassium intake DASH diet
Why is hypertension called the silent killer?
There are no obvious symptoms
What are the mechanisms of reducing high solute concentration?(4)
ADH release
Increased water reabsorption by kidneys
Decreased urine output
Normal solve concentration
What are the mechanisms behind restoring low solute concentration/ low blood volume back to normal?(8)
Kidneys secrete renin in response to low blood pressure
Renin converted angiotensin I to angiotensin II
Angiotensin II constricts blood vessels
Blood pressure increases
Angiotensin II also stimulates aldosterone release
Aldosterone increases sodium and chloride reabsorption
This increases water retention
Decreases urine output
What are the issues with sweetened beverages?(3)
Empty calories
Do not curb appetite
Not compensated by eating less
What percentage of a healthy adult body weight does body fluid account for?
50-70%
What affect does high potassium have on blood pressure?
Reduced blood pressure
What does antidiuretic hormone (ADH) do?(2)
Stimulates kidneys to reabsorb water
Reducing urine
