Diabetes Research

Question 0

How may low GI diet prevent weight gain (2)

Answer 0

High GI diets rapidly decrease glucose
Low glucose increases appetite
(Low GI is the opposite)

Question 1

Explain Sacks (2014) GI RCT (3)

Answer 1

Low GI diet no significant difference when controlling for weight loss
However displayed clinical significance

Question 2

How do inflammatory cytokines interfere with insulin signalling (2)

Answer 2

Inhibits IRS-1 insulin receptor in insulin signalling pathway

Question 3

How does physical inactivity increase the risk of developing T2D? (2)

Answer 3

Leads to positive energy balance which leads to obesity

Increases FFA accumulation - Lammers 2013

Question 4

According to _______, how does oxidative stress play a role in diabetes?(3)

Answer 4

Rains 2011

Glycation of antioxidant enzymes can impair antioxidant defence mechanisms
Leads to the development of oxidative stress

Reduces GLUT4 expression

Question 5

Explain how obesity leads to diabetes (7)

Answer 5

Niko 2012
Releases FFAs and inflammatory cytokines
They interfere with insulin signalling
This causes insulin resistance
Insulin resistance further increases FFA release
This leads to a viscous cycle increasing IR
Pancreas unable to overcome insulin resistance

Question 6

According to ______ moderate weight loss improve glycaemic control

Answer 6

Wing (2011)