OB US Flashcards
DDx Non-Visualization Stomach Bubble
1) Esophageal atresia
2) Mass obstructing esophagus (e.g. mediastinal tumor, goiter)
3) Oligohydramnios (dec fluid to swallow)
4) Neuromuscular d/o (inability fetus to swallow)
5) Abnormally located stomach (e.g CDH)
DDx Double Bubble Sign
1) Duodenal atresia
2) Duodenal web
3) Duodenal stenosis
4) Annular pancreas
DDx Hyperechoic Bowel
1) CF
2) Down syndrome
3) Swallowed hemorrhage
4) TORCH infection
DDx Hepatic Calcification
1) Idiopathic
2) TORCH infection
3) Aneuploidy
DDx Non-Visualization Gallbladder
1) GB atresia
2) CF
3) Biliary atresia
Pentalogy of Cantrell
1) Extra-thoracic heart
2) Pericardial defect
3) Diaphragmatic defect
4) Disruption of sternum
5) Omphalocele
DDx Pelvic Cystic Structure
1) Enteric duplication cyst
2) Hydrocolpos
3) Renal cyst
4) Omental/Mesenteric cyst
5) Meconium pseudocyst
DDx Pleural Effusion
1) Hydrops
2) Cardiac abnormality
3) Infection
4) Aneuploidy
Bleeding During T1
1) Subchorionic hemorrhage
2) Abortion
3) Ectopic pregnancy
4) GTD
When Should See Gestational Sac, Yolk Sac, Embryo, Heart Beat
5wk, 5.5wk, 6.0wk, 6.5wk
Patau Syndrome (T13)
- Holoprosencephaly
- Encephalocele
- Midline facial defects
- Omphalocele
- Horseshoe kidney
- Polycystic kidneys
- Polydactyly
Edwards Syndrome (T18)
- Strawberry skull
- Choroid plexus cysts
- Micrognathia
- Facial clefts
- Cardiac anomalies
- CDH
- Omphalocele
- Horseshoe kidney
- Hydronephrosis
- Clenched fists
- Rocker bottom feet
Down Syndrome (T21)
- Inc nuchal fold
- Inc nuchal translucency
- Absent/Hypoplastic nasal bone
- Cystic hygroma
- EIF
- Cardiac anomalies (endocardial cushion defect)
- Duodenal atresia
- Echogenic bowel
- Shortened femur
- Hypoplasia middle phalanx little finger
- Sandalgap toes
Meckel-Gruber
1) Omphalocele
2) Polycystic kidneys
3) Polydactyly
Beckwith-Wiedemann
1) Wilms tumor
2) Organomegally
3) Hemihypertrophy
4) Macroglossia
5) Omphalocele
6) Perinatal hypoglycemia
Turner Syndrome
1) Cystic hygroma
2) Pericardial effusion
3) Pleural effusion
4) Ascities
5) Horseshoe kidney
6) Cardiac anomalies
DDx Oligohydramnios
1) Renal agenesis
2) Bladder outlet obstruction
3) Bilateral UPJ obstruction
4) Renal dysplasias (ARPKD)
DDx Polyhydramnios
1) Upper GI atresia
2) 2ry obstruction (e.g. CDH)
3) CNS abnormality
4) Placental abnormality (e.g. chorioangioma)
5) Monochorionic twin syndrome
DDx Fetal Hydrops
1) Immune Hydrops (fetal hemolytic anemia)
2) Non-Immune Hydrops
- Cardiac abnormality
- Extra-cardiac shunt
- Infection
- Dec oncotic pressure
- Venous obstruction (seen in Turners)
DDx Bladder Not Seen
1) Bilateral agenesis
2) Bilateral multicystic kidneys
3) ARPKD
DDx Hydronephrosis
1) Bladder Not Dilated
- Ectopic insertion of ureter
- Ureterocele
- Reflux
- Primary megaureter
2) Bladder Enlarged
- PUV
- Urethral atresia
- Pelvic mass
- Prune Belly syndrome
DDx Pulmonary Hypoplasia
1) Oligohydramnios
2) Skeletal dysplasia
3) Mass lesion (e.g. CDH)
Echogenic Pulmonary Focus
1) Sequestration
2) CPAM
3) Duplication cyst
DDx “Lemon Sign”
1) Chiari II
2) Dandy-Walker
3) Agenesis of CC
4) Encephalocele
DDx Thick Placenta
1) GDM
2) Hydrops
3) Infection
4) Maternal anemia
5) Hemorrhage
6) Placenta Creta
7) GTD
8) Beckwith-Wiedemann
DDx Thin Placenta
1) Insulin-dependent DM
2) Chronic HTN
3) Polyhydramnios
DDx IUGR
1) Asymmetric
- Ehlers-Danlos
- HTN
- Malnutrition
2) Symmetric
- Aneuploidy
- TORCH infection
- Alcohol/Drugs
- Anemia
Short Cervix
< 2.5cm before 30wk
Diagnostic of Pregnancy Failure
1) CRL >= 7mm w/o heartbeat
2) MSD >=25mm w/o embryo
3) Absence embryo w/ heartbeat 2wk after scan showing GS w/o yolk sac
4) Absence embryo w/ heartbeat 11d after scan showing GS w/ yolk sac
Findings Suspicious for Pregnancy Failure
1) Embryo < 7mm w/o heartbeat
2) MSD 16-24mm w/o embryo
3) Yolk sac >= 7mm
4) MSD > 8mm w/o yolk sac
5) Absence of embryo 6wk after LMP
6) HR < 90bpm
7) Small gestational sac wrt embryo (MSD-CRL < 5mm)
8) Absence embryo w/ heartbeat 7-13d after scan showing GS w/o yolk sac
9) Absence embryo w/ heartbeat 7-10d after scan showing GS w/ yolk sac
