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Radiology > OB US > Flashcards

OB US Flashcards

1
Q

DDx Non-Visualization Stomach Bubble

A

1) Esophageal atresia
2) Mass obstructing esophagus (e.g. mediastinal tumor, goiter)
3) Oligohydramnios (dec fluid to swallow)
4) Neuromuscular d/o (inability fetus to swallow)
5) Abnormally located stomach (e.g CDH)

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2
Q

DDx Double Bubble Sign

A

1) Duodenal atresia
2) Duodenal web
3) Duodenal stenosis
4) Annular pancreas

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3
Q

DDx Hyperechoic Bowel

A

1) CF
2) Down syndrome
3) Swallowed hemorrhage
4) TORCH infection

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4
Q

DDx Hepatic Calcification

A

1) Idiopathic
2) TORCH infection
3) Aneuploidy

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5
Q

DDx Non-Visualization Gallbladder

A

1) GB atresia
2) CF
3) Biliary atresia

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6
Q

Pentalogy of Cantrell

A

1) Extra-thoracic heart
2) Pericardial defect
3) Diaphragmatic defect
4) Disruption of sternum
5) Omphalocele

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7
Q

DDx Pelvic Cystic Structure

A

1) Enteric duplication cyst
2) Hydrocolpos
3) Renal cyst
4) Omental/Mesenteric cyst
5) Meconium pseudocyst

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8
Q

DDx Pleural Effusion

A

1) Hydrops
2) Cardiac abnormality
3) Infection
4) Aneuploidy

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9
Q

Bleeding During T1

A

1) Subchorionic hemorrhage
2) Abortion
3) Ectopic pregnancy
4) GTD

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10
Q

When Should See Gestational Sac, Yolk Sac, Embryo, Heart Beat

A

5wk, 5.5wk, 6.0wk, 6.5wk

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11
Q

Patau Syndrome (T13)

A
  • Holoprosencephaly
  • Encephalocele
  • Midline facial defects
  • Omphalocele
  • Horseshoe kidney
  • Polycystic kidneys
  • Polydactyly
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12
Q

Edwards Syndrome (T18)

A
  • Strawberry skull
  • Choroid plexus cysts
  • Micrognathia
  • Facial clefts
  • Cardiac anomalies
  • CDH
  • Omphalocele
  • Horseshoe kidney
  • Hydronephrosis
  • Clenched fists
  • Rocker bottom feet
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13
Q

Down Syndrome (T21)

A
  • Inc nuchal fold
  • Inc nuchal translucency
  • Absent/Hypoplastic nasal bone
  • Cystic hygroma
  • EIF
  • Cardiac anomalies (endocardial cushion defect)
  • Duodenal atresia
  • Echogenic bowel
  • Shortened femur
  • Hypoplasia middle phalanx little finger
  • Sandalgap toes
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14
Q

Meckel-Gruber

A

1) Omphalocele
2) Polycystic kidneys
3) Polydactyly

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15
Q

Beckwith-Wiedemann

A

1) Wilms tumor
2) Organomegally
3) Hemihypertrophy
4) Macroglossia
5) Omphalocele
6) Perinatal hypoglycemia

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16
Q

Turner Syndrome

A

1) Cystic hygroma
2) Pericardial effusion
3) Pleural effusion
4) Ascities
5) Horseshoe kidney
6) Cardiac anomalies

17
Q

DDx Oligohydramnios

A

1) Renal agenesis
2) Bladder outlet obstruction
3) Bilateral UPJ obstruction
4) Renal dysplasias (ARPKD)

18
Q

DDx Polyhydramnios

A

1) Upper GI atresia
2) 2ry obstruction (e.g. CDH)
3) CNS abnormality
4) Placental abnormality (e.g. chorioangioma)
5) Monochorionic twin syndrome

19
Q

DDx Fetal Hydrops

A

1) Immune Hydrops (fetal hemolytic anemia)
2) Non-Immune Hydrops
- Cardiac abnormality
- Extra-cardiac shunt
- Infection
- Dec oncotic pressure
- Venous obstruction (seen in Turners)

20
Q

DDx Bladder Not Seen

A

1) Bilateral agenesis
2) Bilateral multicystic kidneys
3) ARPKD

21
Q

DDx Hydronephrosis

A

1) Bladder Not Dilated
- Ectopic insertion of ureter
- Ureterocele
- Reflux
- Primary megaureter
2) Bladder Enlarged
- PUV
- Urethral atresia
- Pelvic mass
- Prune Belly syndrome

22
Q

DDx Pulmonary Hypoplasia

A

1) Oligohydramnios
2) Skeletal dysplasia
3) Mass lesion (e.g. CDH)

23
Q

Echogenic Pulmonary Focus

A

1) Sequestration
2) CPAM
3) Duplication cyst

24
Q

DDx “Lemon Sign”

A

1) Chiari II
2) Dandy-Walker
3) Agenesis of CC
4) Encephalocele

25
Q

DDx Thick Placenta

A

1) GDM
2) Hydrops
3) Infection
4) Maternal anemia
5) Hemorrhage
6) Placenta Creta
7) GTD
8) Beckwith-Wiedemann

26
Q

DDx Thin Placenta

A

1) Insulin-dependent DM
2) Chronic HTN
3) Polyhydramnios

27
Q

DDx IUGR

A

1) Asymmetric
- Ehlers-Danlos
- HTN
- Malnutrition
2) Symmetric
- Aneuploidy
- TORCH infection
- Alcohol/Drugs
- Anemia

28
Q

Short Cervix

A

< 2.5cm before 30wk

29
Q

Diagnostic of Pregnancy Failure

A

1) CRL >= 7mm w/o heartbeat
2) MSD >=25mm w/o embryo
3) Absence embryo w/ heartbeat 2wk after scan showing GS w/o yolk sac
4) Absence embryo w/ heartbeat 11d after scan showing GS w/ yolk sac

30
Q

Findings Suspicious for Pregnancy Failure

A

1) Embryo < 7mm w/o heartbeat
2) MSD 16-24mm w/o embryo
3) Yolk sac >= 7mm
4) MSD > 8mm w/o yolk sac
5) Absence of embryo 6wk after LMP
6) HR < 90bpm
7) Small gestational sac wrt embryo (MSD-CRL < 5mm)
8) Absence embryo w/ heartbeat 7-13d after scan showing GS w/o yolk sac
9) Absence embryo w/ heartbeat 7-10d after scan showing GS w/ yolk sac

Radiology (15 decks)

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