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Radiology > Chest > Flashcards

Chest Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior Mediastinal Mass

A

1) Thymus
- Thymic cyst (congenital or s/p XRT)
- Nodular hyperplasia
- Lymphoma/Leukemia
- Thymolipoma
- Thymoma
- Thymic carcinoma
2) Lymphoma
3) Germ Cell Tumor
- Teratoma
- Seminoma
- Non-Seminomatous GCT
4) Thyroid
- Goiter
- Thyroid cancer
5) Epicardial Cyst
6) Morgagni Hernia
7) Ascending Aortic Aneurysm
8) Prominent Epicardial Fat Pad
- Fat necrosis

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2
Q

Middle Mediastinal Mass

A

1) Lymphadenopathy
- Mets
- Lymphoma
- Granulomatous infection
- Castleman’s
2) Foregut Duplication Cyst
- Bronchogenic cyst
- Esophageal cyst
3) Aortic Aneurysm
4) Abscess
5) Hematoma
6) Esophageal Tumor
7) Tracheal Tumor
8) Fibrosing Mediastinitis (Histo, TB)
9) Mediastinal Lipomatosis
10) Large PAs d/t Pulmonary HTN
11) Hiatal Hernia
12) Neurenteric Tumor
- Schwannoma
- Paraganglioma
13) Cardiac Tumor

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3
Q

Posterior Mediastinal Mass

A

1) Neurenteric Tumor
- Schwannoma
- Paraganglioma
- Neuroblastoma
- Ganglioneuroma
2) Vertebral Neoplasm
- ABC
- Mets
- Myeloma
- Chondrosarcoma
- Osteosarcoma
3) Extramedullary Hematopoiesis
4) Paraspinal Abscess
5) Lateral Thoracic Meningocele (NF1)
6) Foregut Duplication Cyst
7) Esophageal Varices
8) Bochdalek Hernia

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4
Q

Fatty Mediastinal Masses

A

1) Thymolipoma
2) Teratoma
3) Mediastinal Lipomatosis
4) Prominent Epicardial Fat Pad
- Fat necrosis
5) Diaphragmatic Hernia w/ Fat
6) Lipoma/Liposarcoma

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5
Q

Complex Cystic Mediastinal Masses

A

1) Foregut Duplication cyst
2) Cystic Thymolipoma
3) Cystic Teratoma
4) Aneurysm
5) Pericardial Recess
6) Hematoma
7) Abscess
8) Necrotic Met
9) Cystic Degeneration of Lymphoma

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6
Q

Right Cardiophrenic Mass

A

1) Epicardial Cyst
2) Prominent Epicardial Fat Pat
3) Morgagni Hernia
4) Cardiac Tumor
5) Thymolipoma
6) Lymph Node

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7
Q

Diffuse Mediastinal Widening

A

1) Vascular
- Hematoma
- Aortic rupture
- Aortic dissection
- Aneurysm
2) Infection
- Mediastinitis
- Abscess
3) Tumors
- Lymphadenopathy
- Lymphoma
4) Mediastinal Lipomatosis

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8
Q

Pneumomediastinum

A

1) Chronic Lung Dz
- Asthma
- COPD
2) Trauma
- Barotrauma
- Tracheobronchial injury
- Vomiting (Boerhaave’s Syndrome)
3) Positive Pressure Ventilation
4) Post-op
5) Air from Other Compartments
- Cervical
- Abdomen

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9
Q

Infectious Mediastinitis

A

1) Esophageal Perforation
- Endoscopy
- Tumor
- Boerhaave’s syndrome
2) Bacterial
- Lungs/LN/pleura
- Cervical/Abdomen
3) Post-op

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10
Q

Fibrosing Mediastinitis

A

1) Granulomatous Infection
- Histo (most common)
- TB
- Sarcoid
2) Autoimmune
- SLE
- RA
3) Sclerosing Mediastinitis (idiopathic)
4) Drugs
- Methysergide (for migraines)
5) IgG4

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11
Q

Bilateral Hilar/Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy

A

1) Lymphoma
2) Sarcoidosis
3) Infection (typical, atypical)
4) Fungal Infections
- Histo
- Coccidiodes
5) Pneumoconiosis
6) Mets (extra-thoracic 1ry)

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12
Q

Unilateral Hilar/Mediastinal Enlargement

A

1) TB
2) Lung ca
3) Lymphoma
4) PE
5) Pulmonary AVF
6) Partial Absence Left Pericardium
7) Lymphoma
8) Post-Stenotic (PA stenosis)

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13
Q

Hilar/Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy in AIDS

A

1) Lymphoma
2) Kaposi’s Sarcoma
3) Bacterial Infection
4) Fungal Infection
5) TB

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14
Q

Mediastinal Calcification

A

1) LNs
- TB
- Sarcoidosis
- Pneumoconiosis
- Treated lymphoma
2) Teratoma
3) Fibrosing Mediastinitis
4) Contrast (pseudocalcification)

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15
Q

Egg Shell Calcification

A

1) Silicosis
2) Sarcoidosis
3) Rare –> Tx lymphoma, Coal workers lung

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16
Q

Solitary Pulmonary Nodule

A

1) Malignant Tumor
- Lung carcinoma
- Single met
- Lymphoma
- Carcinoid
2) Benign Tumor
- Hamartoma
- Lipoma
- Chondroma
- Intraparenchymal LN
- Bronchogenic cyst (15% peripheral)
3) Infectious
- Granuloma
- Round pneumonia
- Fungal ball
4) Inflammatory
- Vasculitis
- Rheumatoid nodule
5) Vascular
- Infarct
- AVM
6) Splenosis

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17
Q

Multiple Pulmonary Nodules

A

1) Malignant
- Invasive adenocarcinoma
- Mets –> breast, RCC, GI, ovary, testicle, sarcomas
- Lymphoma
2) Infectious
- TB
- Fungal
- Viral
- Laryngeal papillomatosis
3) Inflammatory
- Sarcoid
- Rheumatoid nodules
- GPA
- LCH
- LIP
- Mucoid impaction
4) Misc
- Trauma
- AVMs
- Multiple hamartomas

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18
Q

Milliary Nodules

A

1) Miliary TB
2) Sarcoidosis
3) Disseminated Fungal Infection
4) Mets (thyroid, melanoma, choriocarcinoma)
5) Pneumoconioses
6) Viral Pneumonias (varicella)
7) LCH

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19
Q

Calcified Pulmonary Nodules

A

1) Infectious
- TB
- Sarcoid
- Varicella
2) Hamartoma
3) Pneumoconiosis
4) Amyloidosis
5) Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis
6) Metastatic Pulmonary Calcification

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20
Q

Thick-Walled Cavitary Nodule

A

1) Necrotizing Pneumonia
- TB
- NTM
- Aspiration
- Fungal
- Bacterial –> Staph, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas
2) Septic Emboli
3) 1ry Lung Cancer
4) Mets
5) Vasculitis
6) Necrobiotic Rheumatoid Nodule
7) LCH
8) Congenital Lesions
- CPAM
- Sequestration
9) Pneumatoceles
10) Papillomatosis
11) Cavitating Infarct

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21
Q

Thin-Walled Lung Cavities

A

1) Blebs/Bullae
2) Pneumatocele
3) Congenital Lung Cyst
4) Cystic Bronchiectasis

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22
Q

Cavities w/ Air-Fluid Levels

A

1) Cavitating Lung Cancer
2) GPA
3) Mycetoma
4) Abscess
5) Infected Bullae
6) Infected Lung Cyst
7) Necrobiotic Rheumatoid Nodule
8) Infection of Pre-Existing Cavity

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23
Q

Lung Cysts

A

1) LAM
2) LCH
3) LIP
4) PJP
5) Birt-Hogg-Dube
6) DIP

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24
Q

Centrilobular Nodules

A

1) Bronchopneumonia
2) RB-ILD
3) HP
4) Pneumoconiosis
5) Follicular Bronchiolitis

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25
Q

Perilymphatic Nodules

A

1) Sarcoidosis
2) Lymphangitic Carcinomatosis
3) Pneumoconiosis
4) Lymphoma
5) Kaposi’s Sarcoma

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26
Q

Random Nodules

A

1) Milliary TB
2) Fungal Infection
3) Mets
4) Invasive Adenocarcinoma
5) LCH
6) Septic Emboli

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27
Q

Crazy Paving

A

1) Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
2) ARDS
3) Hemorrhage
4) Lipoid Pneumonia
5) Drug Rxn
6) ADenocarcinoma
7) PJP
8) Organizing Pneumonia

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28
Q

Nodular Septal Thickening

A

1) Lymphangitic Carcinomatosis
2) Sarcoidosis
3) Pneumoconiosis

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29
Q

Smooth Septal thickening

A

1) Pulmonary Edema
2) Hemorrhage
3) PAP
4) PJP
5) Fibrosis

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30
Q

Lymphangitic Carcinomatosis

A

1) Unilateral
- Lung Ca
2) Bilateral
- Breast
- Prostate
- Colon
- Stomach

31
Q

Acute Consolidation

A

1) Infection
2) Hemorrhage
3) Edema
4) ARDS

32
Q

Chronic Consolidation

A

1) Organizing pneumonia
2) Chronic Eosinophilic Pneumonia
3) Invasive Adenocarcinoma
4) Lymphoma
5) Sarcoidosis
6) DIP

33
Q

Unilateral ILD

A

1) Lymphangitic Carcinomatosis
2) Re-Expansion Edema
3) Post-XRT
4) ILD Post-Transplant

34
Q

Basal ILD

A 
"BALD ASS VR"
B - Bronchiectasis
A - Aspiration
L - Lymphangitic Carcinomatosis
D - DIP, Drugs
A - Asbestosis, A-1 Antitrypsin dz
S - Sarcoidosis
S - Scleroderma
V - Viral Pneumonia
R - RA, Other CTDs (Dermatomyositis, Polymyositis)
35
Q

Upper ILD

A

1) Sarcoidosis
2) Pneumoconiosis
3) HP
4) TB
5) LCH
6) Ankylosing Spondylitis
7) Idiopathic Pleuropulmonary Fibroelastosis

36
Q

Large Lung Volumes

A

1) COPD
2) CF
3) LAM
4) LCH
5) Asthma
6) Bronchiolitis

37
Q

Tree-in-Bud Nodules

A

1) TB
2) NTM Infection
3) Airway-Invasive Aspergillosis
4) ABPA
5) Aspiration
6) CF, PCD

38
Q

Finger-in-Glove Opacities

A

1) ABPA
2) Bronchial Atresia
3) CF

39
Q

Unilateral Hyperlucent Lung

A

1) Chest Wall
- Mastectomy
- Poland Syndrome
2) PTX (supine)
3) Vascular
- Interruption/Hypoplasia of PA
- Massive PE
4) Central Airway Obstruction w/ Air Trapping
- FB
- CLE
- Bronchial Atresia
- Bronchiolitis Obliterans
5) Giant Bullous Emphysema (young male)

40
Q

Complete Opacification of Pneumothorax

A 
"FAT CHANCE"
F - Fibrothorax
A - Adenomatoid Malformation
T - Trauma (hemothorax)
C - Collapse
H - Hernia
A - Agenesis of lung
N - Neoplasm (mesothelioma)
C - Consolidation
E - Effusion
41
Q

Unilateral Elevated Hemithorax

A

1) Diaphragmatic Paralysis
- Iatrogenic
- Tumor
- Trauma
2) Eventration
3) Subpulmonic Effusion
4) Atelectasis
5) Lung Resection
6) Hypoplastic Lung
7) Traumatic Rupture of Diaphragm

42
Q

Bilateral Elevated Hemithorax

A

1) Shallow Inspiration
2) Restrictive Lung Dz
3) Abdominal Cause
- Pregnancy
- Mass
- Ascites
4) Muscle Weakness
- SLE
- Myasthenia gravis
- ALS

43
Q

Unilateral Small Lung

A

1) Swyer-James
2) Proximal Interruption of PA
3) Scimitar Syndrome
4) Lobectomy
5) Mass Effect
- CDH
- CPAM
- Sequestration

44
Q

PTX w/ Otherwise Normal CXR

A

1) Spontaneous (tall thin man)
2) Apical Blebs
3) Trauma
4) Mets
5) Underlying Lung Dz
- LCH
- LAM
- Asthma

45
Q

Unilateral Pleural Effusion w/ Normal Lungs

A

1) Pleural Mets (breast, lung)
2) TB
3) Collagen Vascular Dz
- SLE
- RA
3) PE
4) Trauma
5) Chylothorax
6) Pancreatitits
7) Post-Pericardiotomy Syndrome
8) Asbestos-Related Pleuritis
9) Mesothelioma
10) Peritoneal Dialysis

46
Q

Left Pleural Effusion

A

1) Pancreatitis
2) PE
3) Trauma
4) Boerhaave’s Syndrome
5) Constrictive Pericarditis
6) Left Heart Failure
7) Subphrenic Abscess

47
Q

Right Pleural Effusion

A

1) Left Heart Failure
2) Cirrhosis
3) Ascites
4) Subphrenic Abscess

48
Q

Bronchiolitis Obliterans

A

1) Post-Lung Transplant
2) GVHD (in BMT)
3) Idiopathic
4) Infection
5) Drug Toxicity
6) Autoimmune Dz (RA, Sjogren)

49
Q

Fleeting Infiltrates

A

1) Drug Rxn
2) Organizing Pneumonia
3) Eosinophilic Lung Dz
4) ABPA

50
Q

Peripheral Opacities

A

1) Eosinophilic Lung Dz
2) Organizing Pneumonia
3) HP
4) Vasculitis
5) COVID
6) Fungal Infecions
7) Hemorrhagic Mets
8) Septic Emboli
9) Resolving Pulmonary Edema

51
Q

Nodule w/ Air Bronchogram

A

1) Adenocarcinoma
2) Vasculitis
3) Sarcoidosis
4) Kaposi’s Sarcoma
5) Lymphoma

52
Q

Diffuse Interstitial Disease

A 
"SCHLITZ"
S - Sarcoidosis
C - Collagen vascular dz
H - Histiocytosis
L - Lymphangitic carcinomatosis
I - Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
T - Tuberous sclerosis
Z - Pneumoconiosis
53
Q

Chronic GGO

A

1) Adenocarcinoma
2) Organizing Pneumonia
3) Chronic Eosinophilic Pneumonia
4) Interstitial Pneumonias
5) HP
6) PAP
7) Drug Rxn

54
Q

Central GGO

A

1) Edema
2) Hemorrhage
3) PJP
4) PAP

55
Q

Peripheral GGO

A

1) Organizing Pneumonia
2) Eosinophilic Lung Dz
3) Non-Cardiogenic Edema

56
Q

Chest Wall Mass

A

1) Pleural Based Tumors
- Lipoma
- Solitary fibrous tumor
2) Neurogenic Tumor
- Schwannoma/Neurofibroma
- Ganglioneuroma
- Neuroblastoma
3) Bone Tumor
- FD
- Enchondroma
- Osteochondroma
- Ewing’s
- Mets
- Myeloma
- Chondrosarcoma
- Osteosarcoma
4) Extrapleural Hematoma
5) Empyema
6) Mass-Like Infection
- Actinomycosis
- TB
- Blastomycosis
- Nocardia

57
Q

Cardiac Calcification

A

1) Aortic/Mitral Valves
2) Coronary Arteries
3) Mitral/Aortic Annulus (“C” or “J” shaped)
4) Pericardium
5) Myocardium
6) Cardiac Tumors

58
Q

Focal Tracheal Mass

A

1) Foreign Body
2) Benign Tumors
- Papilloma
- Hamartoma
- Chondroma
- Hemangioma
- Leiomyoma
4) Malignant Tumors
- SCC
- Adenoid cystic carcinoma
- Mucoepidermoid carcionoma
- Mets (lung, thyroid, esophagus, larynx)

59
Q

Focal Tracheal Narrowing

A

1) Post-Intubation/Tracheotomy
2) Extrinsic Compression
- Vascular ring
- Neoplasm
- Goiter
3) Neoplasms
4) Amyloid
5) Sarcoid

60
Q

Diffuse Tracheal Narrowing

A 
Spares Posterior Membrane
1) TBO
2) Relapsing polychondritis
Involves Posterior Membrane
1) GPA
2) Amyloidosis
3) Sarcoidosis
4) TB
61
Q

Tracheal Calcification

A

1) TBO
2) Amyloidosis
3) Relapsing Polychondritis

62
Q

Halo Sign

A

1) Vasculitis
2) Hemorrhagic Mets
3) Invasive Aspergillosis

63
Q

Feeding Vessel Sign

A

1) Vasculitis

2) Hematogenous Mets

64
Q

Reverse Halo Sign

A

1) Organizing Pneumonia
2) Infarct
3) TB
4) GPA
5) Adenocarcinoma
6) Lymphoma
7) PJP
8) Sarcoid
9) Fungal Infection

65
Q

Mosaic Attenuation

A

1) Air Trapping
- Asthma
- Bronchiolitis (infectious, follicular, constrictive)
- HP
- RB-ILD
2) Hypoperfusion
- Chronic PE
- Pulmonary HTN

66
Q

Progressive Massive Fibrosis

A

1) Pneumoconiosis

2) Sarcoidosis

67
Q

Bronchial Obstruction

A

1) Mucus Plug
- CF
- Asthma
- ABPA
2) Foreign Body
3) Bronchial Atresia
4) Carcinoma
5) Endobronchial Mets (RCC, thyroid, melanoma)
6) Carcinoid
7) Endobronchial TB (broncholith)

68
Q

High Attenuation Consolidation

A

1) Amiodarone Toxicity
2) Silicosis
3) Amyloidosis
4) Talcosis

69
Q

Lobar/Segmental Consolidation

A

1) Pneumonia
2) Hemorrhage
3) PAP
4) Infarct
5) Focal Edema (rupture of anterior MV leaflet after MI)
6) Radiation
7) Adenocarcinoma
8) Lymphoma

70
Q

Pulmonary Edema (PCWP mmHg)

A

1) Vascular Redistribution (12-17)
2) Interstitial Edema (18-25)
3) Alveolar Edema (> 25)

71
Q

AIDS Diseases (CD4 Count)

A 
> 200
- Pneumonia (most commonly strep)
- TB
200-100
- PJP
- Atypical mycobacteria
- Kaposis sarcoma
< 100
- CMV
- Disseminated fungal infections
- Lymphoma
72
Q

Drug Toxicity

A 
Common Drugs
- Amiodarone
- Bleomycin
- Cyclophosphamide
- Methotrexate
Patterns of Dz
- NSIP
- UIP
- ARDS
- Pulmonary hemorrhage
- Eosinophilic lung dz
73
Q

BMT Complications

A 
< 30d
- Pulmonary edema
- Pulmonary hemorrhage
- Drug induced injury
- Invasive aspergillosis
1-3m
- PJP
- CMV
> 3m
- Organizing pneumonia
- GVHD (obliterative bronchitis)
74
Q

DDx Empyema Necessitans

A

“BATMAN”

  • Blastomyces
  • Actinomyces
  • TB
  • Mucor
  • Aspergillus
  • Nocardia

Radiology (15 decks)

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