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Radiology > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Ring Enhancing Lesions

A

“MAGIC DR”

  • Mets
  • Abscess
  • GBM
  • Infarct (late subacute)
  • Contusion
  • Demyelination (incomplete ring)
  • Radiation necrosis
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2
Q

Lesions w/ Diffusion Restriction

A

1) Acute Stroke
2) Abscess
3) Epidermoid cyst
4) Active demyelination
5) Highly cellular neoplasms
- Lymphoma
- Medulloblastoma
- ATRT
6) Status epilepticus
7) Herpes encephalitis
8) CJD

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3
Q

Multiple Brain Masses

A

1) Mets
2) 1ry tumors
- Multifocal GBM
- Lymphoma
- Gliomatosis cerebri
3) Seeding from 1ry tumor
- Medulloblastoma
- GBM
- Oligodendroglioma
- Ependymoma
4) Abscesses
5) Syndromes

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4
Q

Lesions Crossing Corpus Callosum

A

1) GBM
2) Lymphoma
3) Demyelinating disease
4) PML
5) Radiation Necrosis

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5
Q

Posterior Fossa Mass (Child)

A

1) Medulloblastoma
2) Ependymoma
3) Juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma
4) Atypical teratoid-rhabdoid tumor
5) Pontine glioma

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6
Q

Posterior Fossa Mass (Adult)

A

1) Met
2) Ependymoma
3) Hemangioblastoma (VHL)
4) Pilocytic astrocytoma
5) Medulloblastoma

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7
Q

Extra-Axial Mass

A

1) Arachnoid cyst
2) Meningioma
3) Subdural/Epidural collection
4) Hemangiopericytoma
5) Met (breast most common)
6) Sarcoid, TB
7) Epidermoid cyst
8) Bone lesion w/ intracranial extension

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8
Q

CPA Mass

A

1) Meningioma
2) Dermoid
3) Epidermoid cyst
4) Arachnoid cyst
5) Vestibular schwannoma
6) Aneurysm
7) Glomus jugulare

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9
Q

Suprasellar Mass

A

1) Pituitary adenoma
2) Rathke’s cleft cyst
3) Craniopharyngioma
4) Meningioma
5) Germinoma
6) Dermoid
7) Hypothalamic hamartoma
8) Chiasmatic/Hypothalamic glioma
9) Lymphoma
10) Arachnoid cyst
11) Aneurysm

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10
Q

Pituitary Apoplexy

A

1) Pregnancy (Sheehan’s syndrome)
2) Bromocriptine RX
3) XRT
4) Pituitary adenoma
5) Anticoagulation
6) LP

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11
Q

Infundibular Mass

A

1) Sarcoid
2) Met
3) Germinoma
4) LCH
5) Lymphoma
6) Glioma

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12
Q

Cavernous Sinus Mass

A

1) Meningioma
2) Pituitary adenoma
3) Schwannoma
4) Aneurysm
5) Carotid-cavernous fistula
6) Cavernous sinus thrombosis
7) Lymphoma
8) Sarcoid
9) Extension from bone tumors
- Met/Myeloma
- Chordoma
- Chondrosarcoma

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13
Q

Cavernous Sinus Mass (Bilateral)

A

1) Mets
2) Meningioma
3) Macroadenoma
4) Lymphoma

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14
Q

T2 Dark Tumors

A

1) Highly Cellular
- Lymphoma
- Medulloblastoma
- Germinoma
2) Mucinous
- GI adenocarcinoma mets

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15
Q

T1 Bright Tumors

A

1) Melanoma mets
2) Fat containing tumors
- Dermoid
- Teratoma
3) Hemorrhagic Mets
- RCC
- Thyroid
- Choriocarcinoma
- Melanoma
4) Cholesterol
- Colloid cyst

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16
Q

Cortical Tumor

A

1) PXA
2) DNET/MVNT
3) Oligodendroglioma
4) Ganglioglioma

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17
Q

Intraventricular Tumor

A

1) Ependymoma
2) Medulloblastoma
3) Subependymoma
4) Central neurocytoma
5) SEGA
6) PNET
7) Colloid cyst
8) Mets (lung, RCC)
9) Choroid plexus papilloma/carcinoma
10) Meningioma

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18
Q

Infratentorial Tumor (Peds)

A

1) Medulloblastoma
2) Juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma
3) Ependymoma
4) Hemangioblastoma
5) ATRT
6) Diffuse pontine glioma

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19
Q

Infratentorial Tumor (Adults)

A

1) Met
2) Hemangioblastoma
3) Astrocytoma

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20
Q

Supratentorial Tumor (Adult)

A

1) Mets (most common)
2) Astrocytoma
- Pilocytic
- Low grade diffuse
- Anaplastic
- GBM
3) Gliomatosis cerebri
4) Lymphoma
5) Oligodendroglioma

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21
Q

Supratentorial Tumor (Peds)

A

1) PXA
2) DNET
3) Desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma
4) Mets (neuroblastoma)

22
Q

Calvarial Tumors

A

Benign

  • Osteoma
  • Epidermoid cyst
  • Dermoid
  • FD
  • Paget’s
  • Hemangioma
  • LCH
  • Intraosseous meningioma

Malignant

  • Mets
  • Myeloma
  • Chordoma
  • Chondrosarcoma
  • Osteosarcoma
23
Q

Skull Base Tumors

A

1) Ecchordosis physaliphora
2) Chordoma
3) Chondroblastoma
4) Mets
5) Myeloma
6) Meningioma

24
Q

Dural Tumor

A

1) Meningioma
2) Met (breast)
3) Sarcoid
4) Hemangiopericytoma

25
Q

Tumors w/ CSF Seeding/Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis

A

1) GBM
2) Oligodendroglioma
3) Ependymoma
4) Mets (breast, lung)
5) Germinoma
6) PNET

26
Q

Periventricular Enhancement

A

1) Infection (CMV)
2) Neoplastic (lymphoma, glioma)
3) Inflammatory (MS, NMO)

27
Q

Infarct (Young Adult)

A

1) Dissection
2) Drug abuse
3) Vasculitis
4) FMD
5) Basilar meningitis (bacterial, TB, fungal)
6) Moyamoya
7) MELAS
8) CADASIL

28
Q

Gyriform Cortical Enhancement

A

1) Subacture stroke
2) Status epilepticus/Post-ictal
3) HSV
4) Cerebritis
5) MELAS
6) PRES
7) Hypoglycemia

29
Q

Gyriform Diffusion Restrition

A

1) Subacute stroke
2) Seizure
3) MELAS
4) HSV
5) CJD
6) HIE

30
Q

Subarachnoid FLAIR Hyperintensity

A

1) SAH
2) Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis
3) O2 Rx
4) Meningitis
5) Prominent vessels (e.g. moyamoya, Sturge-Webber)
6) Delayed Gad clearance (e.g. renal dysfunction)

31
Q

Dural Venous Sinus Thrombosis

A

1) Factor V Leiden
2) Protein C/S deficiency
3) Nephrotic syndrome
4) Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
5) Pregnancy
6) Malignancy
7) OCP use
8) Dehydration
9) Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
10) Sepsis

32
Q

Conditions Associated w/ Cerebral Aneurysms

A

1) AVM
2) ADPKD
3) FMD
4) NF1
5) Marfan’s
6) Collagen vascular dz (Ehlers-Danlos)

33
Q

Aneurysm in Unusual Location

A

1) Mycotic
2) Vasculitis
3) AVM
4) Post-traumatic

34
Q

Multifocal WM Disease

A

1) Vascular
- Microangiopathic dz
- CADASIL
- CNS vasculitis
2) Infectious/Inflammatory
- MS
- NMO
- ADEM
- HIV encephalitis
- PML
3) Toxic/Metabolic
- CO
- HIE
- Methanol
- Osmotic demyelination
- Vit B12 deficiency
- Post-XRT/Chemo
- Drugs

35
Q

Bilateral Thalamic Edema

A

1) Deep Cerebral Vein Infarction
2) Artery of Percheron Infarct
3) Basilar Tip Infarct
4) Bilateral Gliomas
5) Infection

36
Q

Toxic-Metabolic (BG and/or Thalami)

A

1) T2/FLAIR Hyperintensity
- CO poisoning
- Methanol posioning
- Wernicke’s encephalopathy
- Uremic encephalopathy
2) T2/FLAIR Hypointensity
- Toluene use
- Parathyroid d/o
3) T1 Hyperintensity
- Chronic hepatic encephalopathy
- Diabetic striatopathy
- Parathyroid d/o

37
Q

Toxic-Metabolic (Dentate Nuclei)

A

1) Metronidazole toxicity

2) Methyl bromide toxicity

38
Q

Toxic-Metabolic (Prominent Cortical)

A

1) Hypoglycemia
2) Acute hepatic encephalopathy
3) Hyperammonemic encephalopathy

39
Q

Toxic-Metabolic (Symmetric Periventricular WM)

A

1) Heroin toxicity
2) Methotrexate/Chemo Toxicity
3) CO poisoning
4) Uremic encephalopathy
5) Acute hepatic encephalopathy

40
Q

Toxic-Metabolic (Corticospinal Tracts)

A

1) B12 deficiency

2) Chronic hepatic encephalopathy

41
Q

Toxic-Metabolic (Corpus Callosum)

A

1) Machiafava-Bignami disease

2) Reversible spinal lesion

42
Q

Toxic-Metabolic (Asymmetric WM Involvement)

A

1) Chemo toxicity

2) Levasimole induced leukoencephalopathy

43
Q

Toxic-Metabolic (PArieto-Occipital)

A

1) PRES

44
Q

Toxic-Metabolic (Symmetric Pontine)

A

1) Osmotic demyelination

45
Q

Stroke in Young Adults

A

1) Cardioembolic (most common)
2) Dissection (Carotid/Vertebral)
3) Vasculitis
4) Venous Thrombosis
5) RCVS
6) Carotid Web

46
Q

Basal Ganglia Lesion

A 
Bilateral Symmetric
- Methanol poisoning (putamen)
- CO poisoning (globus pallidus)
Bilateral Asymmetric
- Infection
Unilateral
- AStrocytoma
HTN bleed
47
Q

Corpus Callosum Lesion

A

1) Enlarged/Expanded
- Astrocytoma
- Lymphoma
- Lipoma (midline)
2) Demyelinating Disease
- MS
- Machiafava-Bignami
- PML
3) Patchy Periventricular
- HTN changes
- Toxo
4) Uniformly Periventricular
- Hydrostatic edema

48
Q

GM Disease

A

1) Alzheimer’s
2) Pick’s dz
3) Vascular dementia
4) Parkinson’s
5) Lysosomal storage d/o

49
Q

Basal Ganglia Disease

A

1) Huntington’s
2) Wilson’s
3) Fahr’s
5) Leigh

50
Q

DDx Dural Tail Lesion

A

1) Meningioma
2) TB
3) Sarcoid
4) Dural met
5) Lymphoma
6) Schwannoma
7) Hemangiopericytoma

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