Neuro Flashcards
Ring Enhancing Lesions
“MAGIC DR”
- Mets
- Abscess
- GBM
- Infarct (late subacute)
- Contusion
- Demyelination (incomplete ring)
- Radiation necrosis
Lesions w/ Diffusion Restriction
1) Acute Stroke
2) Abscess
3) Epidermoid cyst
4) Active demyelination
5) Highly cellular neoplasms
- Lymphoma
- Medulloblastoma
- ATRT
6) Status epilepticus
7) Herpes encephalitis
8) CJD
Multiple Brain Masses
1) Mets
2) 1ry tumors
- Multifocal GBM
- Lymphoma
- Gliomatosis cerebri
3) Seeding from 1ry tumor
- Medulloblastoma
- GBM
- Oligodendroglioma
- Ependymoma
4) Abscesses
5) Syndromes
Lesions Crossing Corpus Callosum
1) GBM
2) Lymphoma
3) Demyelinating disease
4) PML
5) Radiation Necrosis
Posterior Fossa Mass (Child)
1) Medulloblastoma
2) Ependymoma
3) Juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma
4) Atypical teratoid-rhabdoid tumor
5) Pontine glioma
Posterior Fossa Mass (Adult)
1) Met
2) Ependymoma
3) Hemangioblastoma (VHL)
4) Pilocytic astrocytoma
5) Medulloblastoma
Extra-Axial Mass
1) Arachnoid cyst
2) Meningioma
3) Subdural/Epidural collection
4) Hemangiopericytoma
5) Met (breast most common)
6) Sarcoid, TB
7) Epidermoid cyst
8) Bone lesion w/ intracranial extension
CPA Mass
1) Meningioma
2) Dermoid
3) Epidermoid cyst
4) Arachnoid cyst
5) Vestibular schwannoma
6) Aneurysm
7) Glomus jugulare
Suprasellar Mass
1) Pituitary adenoma
2) Rathke’s cleft cyst
3) Craniopharyngioma
4) Meningioma
5) Germinoma
6) Dermoid
7) Hypothalamic hamartoma
8) Chiasmatic/Hypothalamic glioma
9) Lymphoma
10) Arachnoid cyst
11) Aneurysm
Pituitary Apoplexy
1) Pregnancy (Sheehan’s syndrome)
2) Bromocriptine RX
3) XRT
4) Pituitary adenoma
5) Anticoagulation
6) LP
Infundibular Mass
1) Sarcoid
2) Met
3) Germinoma
4) LCH
5) Lymphoma
6) Glioma
Cavernous Sinus Mass
1) Meningioma
2) Pituitary adenoma
3) Schwannoma
4) Aneurysm
5) Carotid-cavernous fistula
6) Cavernous sinus thrombosis
7) Lymphoma
8) Sarcoid
9) Extension from bone tumors
- Met/Myeloma
- Chordoma
- Chondrosarcoma
Cavernous Sinus Mass (Bilateral)
1) Mets
2) Meningioma
3) Macroadenoma
4) Lymphoma
T2 Dark Tumors
1) Highly Cellular
- Lymphoma
- Medulloblastoma
- Germinoma
2) Mucinous
- GI adenocarcinoma mets
T1 Bright Tumors
1) Melanoma mets
2) Fat containing tumors
- Dermoid
- Teratoma
3) Hemorrhagic Mets
- RCC
- Thyroid
- Choriocarcinoma
- Melanoma
4) Cholesterol
- Colloid cyst
Cortical Tumor
1) PXA
2) DNET/MVNT
3) Oligodendroglioma
4) Ganglioglioma
Intraventricular Tumor
1) Ependymoma
2) Medulloblastoma
3) Subependymoma
4) Central neurocytoma
5) SEGA
6) PNET
7) Colloid cyst
8) Mets (lung, RCC)
9) Choroid plexus papilloma/carcinoma
10) Meningioma
Infratentorial Tumor (Peds)
1) Medulloblastoma
2) Juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma
3) Ependymoma
4) Hemangioblastoma
5) ATRT
6) Diffuse pontine glioma
Infratentorial Tumor (Adults)
1) Met
2) Hemangioblastoma
3) Astrocytoma
Supratentorial Tumor (Adult)
1) Mets (most common)
2) Astrocytoma
- Pilocytic
- Low grade diffuse
- Anaplastic
- GBM
3) Gliomatosis cerebri
4) Lymphoma
5) Oligodendroglioma
Supratentorial Tumor (Peds)
1) PXA
2) DNET
3) Desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma
4) Mets (neuroblastoma)
Calvarial Tumors
Benign
- Osteoma
- Epidermoid cyst
- Dermoid
- FD
- Paget’s
- Hemangioma
- LCH
- Intraosseous meningioma
Malignant
- Mets
- Myeloma
- Chordoma
- Chondrosarcoma
- Osteosarcoma
Skull Base Tumors
1) Ecchordosis physaliphora
2) Chordoma
3) Chondroblastoma
4) Mets
5) Myeloma
6) Meningioma
Dural Tumor
1) Meningioma
2) Met (breast)
3) Sarcoid
4) Hemangiopericytoma
Tumors w/ CSF Seeding/Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis
1) GBM
2) Oligodendroglioma
3) Ependymoma
4) Mets (breast, lung)
5) Germinoma
6) PNET
Periventricular Enhancement
1) Infection (CMV)
2) Neoplastic (lymphoma, glioma)
3) Inflammatory (MS, NMO)
Infarct (Young Adult)
1) Dissection
2) Drug abuse
3) Vasculitis
4) FMD
5) Basilar meningitis (bacterial, TB, fungal)
6) Moyamoya
7) MELAS
8) CADASIL
Gyriform Cortical Enhancement
1) Subacture stroke
2) Status epilepticus/Post-ictal
3) HSV
4) Cerebritis
5) MELAS
6) PRES
7) Hypoglycemia
Gyriform Diffusion Restrition
1) Subacute stroke
2) Seizure
3) MELAS
4) HSV
5) CJD
6) HIE
Subarachnoid FLAIR Hyperintensity
1) SAH
2) Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis
3) O2 Rx
4) Meningitis
5) Prominent vessels (e.g. moyamoya, Sturge-Webber)
6) Delayed Gad clearance (e.g. renal dysfunction)
Dural Venous Sinus Thrombosis
1) Factor V Leiden
2) Protein C/S deficiency
3) Nephrotic syndrome
4) Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
5) Pregnancy
6) Malignancy
7) OCP use
8) Dehydration
9) Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
10) Sepsis
Conditions Associated w/ Cerebral Aneurysms
1) AVM
2) ADPKD
3) FMD
4) NF1
5) Marfan’s
6) Collagen vascular dz (Ehlers-Danlos)
Aneurysm in Unusual Location
1) Mycotic
2) Vasculitis
3) AVM
4) Post-traumatic
Multifocal WM Disease
1) Vascular
- Microangiopathic dz
- CADASIL
- CNS vasculitis
2) Infectious/Inflammatory
- MS
- NMO
- ADEM
- HIV encephalitis
- PML
3) Toxic/Metabolic
- CO
- HIE
- Methanol
- Osmotic demyelination
- Vit B12 deficiency
- Post-XRT/Chemo
- Drugs
Bilateral Thalamic Edema
1) Deep Cerebral Vein Infarction
2) Artery of Percheron Infarct
3) Basilar Tip Infarct
4) Bilateral Gliomas
5) Infection
Toxic-Metabolic (BG and/or Thalami)
1) T2/FLAIR Hyperintensity
- CO poisoning
- Methanol posioning
- Wernicke’s encephalopathy
- Uremic encephalopathy
2) T2/FLAIR Hypointensity
- Toluene use
- Parathyroid d/o
3) T1 Hyperintensity
- Chronic hepatic encephalopathy
- Diabetic striatopathy
- Parathyroid d/o
Toxic-Metabolic (Dentate Nuclei)
1) Metronidazole toxicity
2) Methyl bromide toxicity
Toxic-Metabolic (Prominent Cortical)
1) Hypoglycemia
2) Acute hepatic encephalopathy
3) Hyperammonemic encephalopathy
Toxic-Metabolic (Symmetric Periventricular WM)
1) Heroin toxicity
2) Methotrexate/Chemo Toxicity
3) CO poisoning
4) Uremic encephalopathy
5) Acute hepatic encephalopathy
Toxic-Metabolic (Corticospinal Tracts)
1) B12 deficiency
2) Chronic hepatic encephalopathy
Toxic-Metabolic (Corpus Callosum)
1) Machiafava-Bignami disease
2) Reversible spinal lesion
Toxic-Metabolic (Asymmetric WM Involvement)
1) Chemo toxicity
2) Levasimole induced leukoencephalopathy
Toxic-Metabolic (PArieto-Occipital)
1) PRES
Toxic-Metabolic (Symmetric Pontine)
1) Osmotic demyelination
Stroke in Young Adults
1) Cardioembolic (most common)
2) Dissection (Carotid/Vertebral)
3) Vasculitis
4) Venous Thrombosis
5) RCVS
6) Carotid Web
Basal Ganglia Lesion
Bilateral Symmetric - Methanol poisoning (putamen) - CO poisoning (globus pallidus) Bilateral Asymmetric - Infection Unilateral - AStrocytoma HTN bleed
Corpus Callosum Lesion
1) Enlarged/Expanded
- Astrocytoma
- Lymphoma
- Lipoma (midline)
2) Demyelinating Disease
- MS
- Machiafava-Bignami
- PML
3) Patchy Periventricular
- HTN changes
- Toxo
4) Uniformly Periventricular
- Hydrostatic edema
GM Disease
1) Alzheimer’s
2) Pick’s dz
3) Vascular dementia
4) Parkinson’s
5) Lysosomal storage d/o
Basal Ganglia Disease
1) Huntington’s
2) Wilson’s
3) Fahr’s
5) Leigh
DDx Dural Tail Lesion
1) Meningioma
2) TB
3) Sarcoid
4) Dural met
5) Lymphoma
6) Schwannoma
7) Hemangiopericytoma
